【題目】 2015年10月,我國(guó)全面放開(kāi)二孩政策。只要是合法的夫妻就享有生育二胎的權(quán)利,不再受“單獨(dú)二孩”政策或“雙獨(dú)二孩”政策的限制。然而,國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局2019年1月發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2018年較2017年人口出生數(shù)量減少了200萬(wàn),人口自然增長(zhǎng)率下降到3.81‰。
據(jù)此回答下列小題。
【1】我國(guó)制定人口政策的依據(jù)是 ( )
A.人口越多越好,人口越多經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展越快
B.人口越少越好,人口越少經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展效率越高
C.人口發(fā)展要與國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展相適應(yīng)
D.人口發(fā)展要與國(guó)家人民生育的意愿相適應(yīng)
【2】從近兩年的數(shù)據(jù)看,我國(guó)目前的人口數(shù)量 ( )
A.增長(zhǎng)迅速B.增長(zhǎng)變緩C.逐漸減少D.保持不變
【3】人口增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快或過(guò)慢,長(zhǎng)此下去都會(huì)帶來(lái)一定的社會(huì)問(wèn)題。如果人口增長(zhǎng)過(guò)緩,可能帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題是 ( )
A.新生兒數(shù)量增多,社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重B.老齡人口增加,社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重
C.新生兒數(shù)量減少,社會(huì)消費(fèi)水平下降D.老齡人口減少,環(huán)境質(zhì)量變差
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】B
【解析】
根據(jù)我國(guó)是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家,人口過(guò)多帶來(lái)一系列社會(huì)問(wèn)題,實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育以來(lái),取得了成效,我國(guó)人口增速放緩,但也面臨著養(yǎng)老負(fù)擔(dān)加重等問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行分析解答。
【1】世界上的人口不能無(wú)節(jié)制地增長(zhǎng),人口的增長(zhǎng)應(yīng)與資源、環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào),與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相適應(yīng)。中國(guó)是人口控制的成功典范。中國(guó)大力推行計(jì)劃生育政策,在很大程度上減輕了人口對(duì)資源和環(huán)境的壓力;結(jié)合題意。故選:C。
【2】我國(guó)推行計(jì)劃生育政策以來(lái),人口過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭得到有效遏制,因?yàn)槲覈?guó)人口基數(shù)大,增長(zhǎng)快,每年新增人口仍達(dá)1000多萬(wàn),在今后一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期內(nèi),人口總量還將持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),但人口增長(zhǎng)速度下降;結(jié)合題意。故選:B。
【3】我國(guó)人口增長(zhǎng)過(guò)多過(guò)快,給社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展造成很大壓力,使居民的就業(yè)、居住、教育、醫(yī)療等問(wèn)題難以解決;在歐洲的一些國(guó)家,近些年來(lái)新生兒數(shù)量減少,老齡人口增加,人口一直處于負(fù)增長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),已引起勞動(dòng)力短缺、人口老齡化、社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重等問(wèn)題;結(jié)合題意。故選:B。
考查我國(guó)面臨的人口問(wèn)題。
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