質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是7.3%的稀鹽酸滴入盛有10g 氫氧化鈉溶液(滴有2滴酚酞試液)的燒杯中,恰好完全反應(yīng)時消耗此稀鹽酸的質(zhì)量為5g.回答并計算:
(1)求此NaOH溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量.
(2)求所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(酚酞試液質(zhì)量不計).
【答案】
分析:(1)根據(jù)鹽酸與氫氧化鈉發(fā)生中和反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式,可由完全中和時消耗HCl的質(zhì)量計算NaOH溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量;
(2)由中和反應(yīng)消耗HCl的質(zhì)量計算出生成氯化鈉的質(zhì)量,由質(zhì)量守恒定律計算出中和后溶液的質(zhì)量,利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算公式計算所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
解答:解:設(shè)氫氧化鈉溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為x,生成氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為y
NaOH+HCl═NaCl+H
2O
40 36.5 58.5
x 5g×7.3% y
=
=
x=0.4g
y=0.585g
所得溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=3.9%
答:氫氧化鈉溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為0.4g,所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3.9%.
點評:根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律,反應(yīng)后所得溶液質(zhì)量等于恰好中和時稀鹽酸的質(zhì)量與氫氧化鈉溶液的質(zhì)量和.