考點:元素質(zhì)量比的計算,有關(guān)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的簡單計算,元素的質(zhì)量分數(shù)計算,化合物中某元素的質(zhì)量計算
專題:化學式的計算,溶液的組成及溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的計算
分析:(1)元素的質(zhì)量比等于元素原子量和的比;
(2)根據(jù)化合物中某元素質(zhì)量分數(shù)公式進行計算;
(3)根據(jù)化合物中元素的質(zhì)量等于化合物的質(zhì)量乘以化合物中該元素的質(zhì)量分數(shù)來計算;
(4)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量等于物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量與溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的乘積;
(5)在溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為6%的KNO
3溶液中加入3gKNO
3和47g水完全溶解后,可看做是在溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為6%的KNO
3溶液中加入了3gKNO
3溶于47g水形成的溶液,根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,進行分析解答.
解答:解:
(1)KNO
3中鉀、氮、氧元素的質(zhì)量比為=39:14:16×3=39:14:48,故答案為:39:14:48;
(2)在KNO
3中,氮元素的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為
×100%=13.9%;故答案為:13.9%;
(3)5000gKNO
3中含氮元素的質(zhì)量為5000g×13.9%=695.0g;故答案為:695.0;
(4)要配制150kg該營養(yǎng)液,則需要KNO
3的質(zhì)量為150kg×6%=9kg;
(5)在溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為6%的KNO
3溶液中加入3gKNO
3和47g水完全溶解后,可看做是在溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為6%的KNO
3溶液中加入了3gKNO
3溶于47g水形成的溶液,根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%,3gKNO
3溶于47g水形成的溶液中溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為
×100%=6%;則在溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為6%的KNO
3溶液中加入6%的硝酸鉀溶液完全溶解后,所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)仍為6%.
故答案為:
(1)39:14:48;(2)13.9%;(3)695.0.(4)9;(5)6%.
點評:此題是對硝酸鉀的相關(guān)知識的考查,解決的重點是掌握有關(guān)硝酸鉀化學式的計算,掌握溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的有關(guān)計算并能靈活運用是正確解答本題的關(guān)鍵.屬基礎(chǔ)性知識考查題.