解:將12gA物質(zhì)溶于228g水中,所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為:
×100%=5%;
將溶液分成三等份時(shí),溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變.每份溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為4g,溶液的質(zhì)量為80g.
(1)將溶液分成三等份時(shí),溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變;所以每一份溶液的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%;
(2)將一份溶液中加入10g水后,溶質(zhì)為4g,溶液質(zhì)量為80g+10g=90g;所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=4.4%;
(3)在第二份溶液中再溶解10gA后,溶質(zhì)為10g+4g=14g,溶液質(zhì)量為80g+10g=90g;所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為
×100%=15.6%;
(4)設(shè)再將第三份溶液稀釋為原溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的一半,應(yīng)加水的質(zhì)量是x
=
×
;
解得x=80g,水的密度是1g/mL;
所以水的體積是80mL.
故答案為:
(1)5%;
(2)4.4%;
(3)15.6%;
(4)80mL.
分析:溶液是均一、穩(wěn)定的混合物,所以將溶液分成三等份時(shí),溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)不變;每份溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為4g,溶液的質(zhì)量為20g.
(1)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%即可計(jì)算第一份溶液的質(zhì)量;
(2)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變,溶液質(zhì)量增多10g,然后再根據(jù)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算公式溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%進(jìn)行計(jì)算就行了;
(3)根據(jù)溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量增多了10g,溶液質(zhì)量也增多了10g;然后再根據(jù)溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計(jì)算公式溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%進(jìn)行計(jì)算就行了;
(4)根據(jù)稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變來解答即可.
點(diǎn)評(píng):溶液均分時(shí),因溶液具有均一、穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn),所以每份溶液中溶質(zhì)和溶劑都是原來的三分之一.所以在計(jì)算時(shí)一定注意溶質(zhì)或溶劑變化時(shí),溶液的質(zhì)量都會(huì)變化.