25℃時將24g硝酸鈉溶解在76g水中,其溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為______,現(xiàn)將此溶液均分成三等份,則每一份溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)均為______.
(1)取第一份溶液,將其升溫到50℃,則所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為______.
(2)取第二份溶液,要使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)減小為原來的三分之一,需加入______g水.
(3)取第三份溶液,要使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)增大為原來的1.5倍,需加入______g硝酸鉀或者蒸發(fā)掉水______g.
解:將24g硝酸鈉溶解在76g水中,所得溶液的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
=24%;根據(jù)溶液的均一性,平均分成三份后,溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)不變;
故答案為:24%;24%;
(1)溫度升高,溶質(zhì)的溶解度變大,但溶液因沒有溶質(zhì)可繼續(xù)溶解而溶液組成不變,溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)仍為24%;
故答案為:24%;
(2)設(shè)需要加水的質(zhì)量為x
平均分成三份后,其中每份溶液的質(zhì)量=(24g+76g)×
≈33.3g;
溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量減小為原來的三分之一即溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=24%×
=8%;
33.3g×24%=(x+33.3g)×8%
解之得 x=66.6g
故答案為:66.6g;
(3)使其溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)增大為原來的1.5倍,即溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)=24%×1.5=36%;
設(shè)需要增加硝酸鉀的質(zhì)量為y,或需要蒸發(fā)水的質(zhì)量為z
33.3g×24%+y=(33.3g+y)×36%
解之得 y≈6.2g
33.3g×24%=(33.3g-z)×36%
解之得 z=11.1g
故答案為:6.2;11.1.
分析:首先利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)公式,計算溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù);然后依據(jù)題目要求,分析溶液的改變對溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)的影響.
點評:溶液具有均一性,把溶液任意倒出一部分,溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)不變;反過來,相同質(zhì)量分數(shù)的溶液混合后溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)不變.