把下列各式分解因式:

(1)x6-81x2y4         (2)2x2-x-3        
(3)x2-7x-8 (4)a3-2a2+a     
(5)a2+6a+5    (6)7x2+13x-2
(7)-x2+4x+5      (8)-3x2+10x+8    
(9)x3z-4x2yz+4xy2z(10)x3z-4x2yz+4xy2z              
(11)x4+6x2+9 (12)(x-1)2-4(x-1)y+4y2           
(13)(x2-10)(x2+5)+54(14)(a-b)(x-y)-(b-a)(x+y)       
(15)4m5+8m3n2+4mn4(16)4a2+4ab+b2-1            
(17)x3-x2-2x+2.

解:(1)x6-81x2y4,
=x2(x4-81y4),
=x2(x2+9y2)(x2-9y2),
=x2(x2+9y2)(x+3y)(x-3y);

(2)2x2-x-3=(2x-3)(x+1);

(3)x2-7x-8=(x+1)(x-8);

(4)a3-2a2+a,
=a(a2-2a+1),
=a(a-1)2

(5)a2+6a+5=(a+1)(a+5);

(6)7x2+13x-2=(7x+1)(x-2);

(7)-x2+4x+5
=-(x2-4x-5),
=-(x+1)(x-5);

(8)-3x2+10x+8,
=-(3x2-10x-8),
=-(3x+2)(x-4);

(9)x3z-4x2yz+4xy2z,
=xz(x2-4xy+4y2),
=xz(x-2y)2;

(10)x3z-4x2yz+4xy2z,
=xz(x2-4xy+4y2),
=xz(x-2y)2;

(11)x4+6x2+9=(x+3)2;

(12)(x-1)2-4(x-1)y+4y2=(x-1-2y)2;

(13)(x2-10)(x2+5)+54,
=x4-5x2-50+54,
=x4-5x2+4,
=(x2-1)(x2-4),
=(x+1)(x-1)(x+2)(x-2);

(14)(a-b)(x-y)-(b-a)(x+y),
=(a-b)(x-y+x+y),
=2x(a-b);

(15)4m5+8m3n2+4mn4,
=4m(m4+2m2n2+4n4),
=4m(m2+n22

(16)4a2+4ab+b2-1,
=(4a2+4ab+b2)-1,
=(2a+b)2-1,
=(2a+b+1)(2a+b-1);

(17)x3-x2-2x+2,
=(x3-x2)-(2x-2),
=x2(x-1)-2(x-1),
=(x-1)(x2-2).
分析:(1)先提取公因式x2,再對余下的多項(xiàng)式利用平方差公式繼續(xù)分解;
(2)(3)利用十字相乘法分解因式;
(4)先提取公因式a,再對余下的多項(xiàng)式利用完全平方公式繼續(xù)分解;
(5)(6)(7)(8)利用十字相乘法分解因式;
(9)(10)先提取公因式xz,再對余下的多項(xiàng)式利用完全平方公式繼續(xù)分解;
(11)利用完全平方公式分解因式;
(12)把(x-1)看作一個(gè)整體,利用完全平方公式分解因式;
(13)先利用多項(xiàng)式的乘法展開并整理,再利用十字相乘法分解因式;
(14)提提取公因式(a-b)即可;
(15)先提取公因式4m,再對余下的多項(xiàng)式利用完全平方公式繼續(xù)分解;
(16)前三項(xiàng)一組,利用分組分解法分解因式即可;
(17)先兩項(xiàng)一組后兩項(xiàng)一組,利用分組分解法分解因式.
點(diǎn)評:本題考查了用提公因式法和公式法進(jìn)行因式分解,一個(gè)多項(xiàng)式有公因式首先提取公因式,然后再用其他方法進(jìn)行因式分解,同時(shí)因式分解要徹底,直到不能分解為止.
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