Question

【題目】

In the state of Qin (秦國(guó) ) , there was a man called Shang Yang (商鞅). He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (報(bào)酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war.

But these reforms were not easily carried out (執(zhí)行) at first. Most people didn’t trust Shang Yang. In order to solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole.

Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.”

It was a simple job and the reward was so large. However, some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought Shang Yang was making a joke.

Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.”

This reward was unbelievably large. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward. He put the pole on his shoulders and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang Yang gave the man 50 gold pieces.

After that, the people of Qin were all talking about what Shang Yang did about the pole. They believed he was a man of his word. So when Shang Yang began carrying out his reforms, the people followed him.

Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝國(guó)).

【1】What did Shang Yang do?

A. A statesman.B. A king.

C. An emperor.D. A soldier.

【2】In order to carry out his reforms, what idea did Shang Yang have?

A. Having a wooden pole carrying competition.

B. Having a wooden pole cutting competition

C. The man stepping forward first would be praised.

D. The man carrying the pole from south gate to the north one would get some gold pieces.

【3】Why did Shang Yang's reward increase at last?

A. Because a man stepped forward.B. Because there wasn’t enough time.

C. Because Shang Yang heard no answer.D. Because Shang Yang was happy.

【4】“They believed he was a man of his word.” What does the underlined part mean?

A. A man who can speak loudly.B. A man who likes to speak a lot.

C. A man who keeps his word.D. A man of few words.

【5】After these great reforms, what happened in the history of China?

A. Shang Yang became the first emperor.B. The first empire of China appeared.

C. The south gate fell down.D. The state of Qin became weaker and weaker.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【4】C

【5】B

【解析】

本文介紹了商鞅。商鞅是秦國(guó)的一位政治家。為國(guó)家制定了許多改革方案，比如更加注重農(nóng)業(yè)，給戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中成功的士兵獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。但這些改革起初并不容易實(shí)施。為了讓人們相信他，商鞅想出了一個(gè)主意。他在秦都南門放了一根細(xì)木桿。并大聲說(shuō)：“誰(shuí)把這根桿子帶到北門誰(shuí)就會(huì)會(huì)得到10塊金幣。”起初，沒(méi)有人向前。他們都認(rèn)為商鞅是在開(kāi)玩笑。由于沒(méi)人肯出來(lái)做，于是他把獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)增加到50塊金幣。 這次，人群中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)人。他把桿子扛在肩上，走到北門。為了信守諾言，商鞅給了那人50塊金幣。此后，人們對(duì)商鞅信任有加，他們相信他是信守諾言的人。于是商鞅就開(kāi)始實(shí)行他的改革，人民也跟著他。在這些偉大的改革下，秦國(guó)變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。最后，秦始皇把七國(guó)統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)帝國(guó)。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He was a statesman (政治家) and worked out many reforms(改革) for the state, like paying more attention to farming and giving rewards (報(bào)酬) to soldiers who were successful when at war. 他是一位政治家，為國(guó)家制定了許多改革方案，比如更加注重農(nóng)業(yè)，給戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中成功的士兵獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)�？芍�，商鞅是一位政治家。故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)He put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin capital. Many people came to see him and the pole. Then, in front of the crowd, Shang Yang said loudly, “The man who takes this pole to the north gate will get 10 gold pieces.” 他在秦都南門放了一根細(xì)木桿。許多人來(lái)看他和桿子。然后，在人群面前，商鞅大聲說(shuō)：“把這根桿子帶到北門的人會(huì)得到10塊金幣。”可知，為了進(jìn)行改革，他的想法是能抗著桿子從南門到北門的人會(huì)得到10塊金幣。故選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hearing no answer, Shang Yang stepped forward and said, “The reward now goes to 50 gold pieces.” 商鞅聽(tīng)不到回答，上前說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)50塊金塊。”可知，商鞅增加獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是因?yàn)樗��?tīng)不到回答。故選C。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A. A man who can speak loudly.能大聲說(shuō)話的人。B. A man who likes to speak a lot. 喜歡說(shuō)大話的人。C. A man who keeps his word. 信守諾言的人。D. A man of few words. 寡言少語(yǔ)的人。句子They believed he was a man of his word.的意思是：他們相信他是信守諾言的人。因此a man of his word是“信守諾言”的意思。故選C。

【5】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Under these great reforms, Qin grew stronger and stronger. At last, Qin made all the seven states into one empire (帝國(guó)). 在這些偉大的改革下，秦國(guó)變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。最后，秦始皇把七國(guó)統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)帝國(guó)�？芍�，中國(guó)的第一個(gè)帝國(guó)出現(xiàn)了。故選B。

詞義猜測(cè)題是閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的一種題型，所猜測(cè)詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內(nèi)容。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。常見(jiàn)的猜詞法有：(1)利用上下文語(yǔ)境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開(kāi)上下文，所以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推測(cè)。 (2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的短語(yǔ)或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易 (3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過(guò)一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭�我們猜測(cè)詞義。第4小題的詞義猜測(cè)題就是利用第1種解題方法。