3.How quickly can you count from one to ten?Do you use ten different words to do it?Can you do it in English,or do you have to use your first languages?Do you count on your fingers?Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world.But scientists have discovered that it is not true.
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers.In the United States,people think begin counting with their first fingers,which they extend or stick out.They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five.Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten.In China,people count by using different finger positions.In this way,a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting,scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers.Some languages have only a few words for numbers,and others have no words for numbers.A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia.These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers.They don’t even have word for numbers.However,they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.
In a similar study,researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落) in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as“one”or“three.”.They are not able to say“five trees”or“ten trees”but can say“some trees,”“more trees,”or“many trees.”Professor Edward Gibson said that mist people believe that everyone knows how to count,“but here is a group that does not count.They could learn,but is’t not useful in their culture,so they’ve never picked it up.”
Although all humans are able to understand quantities(數量),not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting.Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives.Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math,too.
51.The writer begins with the four questions in order toB.
A.make a survey
B.interest readers
C.tell a story
D.solve math problems
52.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S.and ChinaC?
A.People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.
B.People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.
C.People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting
D.People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.
53.Which of following is true about aboriginal AustraliansD?
A.They have only a few words for numbers
B.They have hand movements to stand for numbers
C.They can only count to five on their fingers
D.They can understand different ideas about numbers
54.The study of the Piraha tribe shows thatD
A.people all over the world know how to count
B.People of the tribe have words for number
C.Some groups of people are not smart enough to count
D.Counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe
55.What is the main idea of the passageA?
A.people from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math
B.Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans
C.In some aboriginal culture,people don’t even know how to count
D.Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers.
分析 這篇短文中作者給我們介紹的是關于數字和數學,不同的文化有不同的觀點.不同文化的國家里,人們數數的方式是不同的,有些國家里根本沒有表示數字的單詞,他們不用數字來數數,但是他們同樣理解關于數字的想法,故數字和數學并不是一回事.
解答 51.B.推理判斷題.根據How quickly can you count from one to ten?Do you use ten different words to do it?Can you do it in English,or do you have to use your first languages?Do you count on your fingers?可知這里用這些問題開頭的目的是一下子吸引讀者的注意力,讓讀者對接下來作者要說的事情產生興趣.故選B.
52.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers.可知這里分別舉了美國和中國人用手指數數的例子,美國人是先伸出第一個手指,然后再伸出其他的手指,最后是拇指,這樣數到五,再用同樣的方法伸出另一只手,數到十;而中國人用不同的手指的位置數數.通過這樣的對比,作者想告訴我們不同文化的國家,使用不同的手指數數的方式,故選C.
53.D.推理判斷題.根據短文第三段中However,they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers可知澳大利亞的土著居民沒有表示數字的單詞,也沒有動作來代表數字,但是他們仍然能理解關于數字的不同的想法.所以選項D是正確的;故選D.
54.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據They could learn,but it’s not useful in their culture,so they’ve never picked it up可知他們可以學數數,但是在他們的文化里,那是沒用的,所以他們也不學.故選D.
55.A.主旨大意題.根據Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math,too.可知這篇短文中作者主要給我們介紹的是關于數字和數學,不同的文化有不同的觀點.不同文化的國家里,人們數數的方式是不同的,有些國家里根本沒有表示數字的單詞,他們不用數字來數數,但是他們同樣理解關于數字的想法,故數字和數學并不是一回事.故這篇文章的大意就是來自不同文化的人們對數學和數字有著不同的觀點.故選A.
點評 本篇是一篇社會文化類閱讀短文.這篇短文中作者給我們介紹的是關于數字和數學,不同的文化有不同的觀點.在進行閱讀理解的過程中可采用兩種方法:先通讀全文,再答題;先看文章后的問題,再從文章中找答案.第二種方法對解決事實細節(jié)題比較有效,考生可帶著問題在文中尋找答案.