【題目】

1That is the only way we can imagine _ (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom.

2Jim __________ (finish) reading three novels written by Wang Anyi these days.

3In England, we should avoid __________ (ask) people questions about their age.

4When there was a knock on the door, he_____________ (write) an important letter.

5More __________ (do) to improve the water condition in Taihu Lake from now on.

6Though he _____________ (laugh) at by his classmates, he appeared to be calm.

7He didn’t even mention the difficulty he had at that time __________ (control) the moving train.

8Our teacher once told us that the early bird __________ (catch) the worm.

9This morning the Blacks ________ (clean) the house, but I’m not sure if they have completed it.

10All food can make a person fat if too much __________ (eat).

【答案】

1to reduce

2has finished

3asking

4was writing

5will be done

6was laughed

7controlling

8catches

9were cleaning

10is eaten

【解析】

1句意:這是我們唯一能想到的減少浴室浪費(fèi)水的方法。動(dòng)詞不定式用作定語(yǔ)修飾the only way,答案為to reduce。

2句意:這些天吉姆已經(jīng)讀完了王安憶寫(xiě)的三部小說(shuō)。these days這些天,屬于“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間,因此要與表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)連用,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境理解可知,吉姆已經(jīng)讀完了三部小說(shuō),要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá),主語(yǔ)he是第三人稱單數(shù),故答案為has finished。

3句意:在英國(guó),我們應(yīng)該避免詢問(wèn)人們關(guān)于他們年齡的問(wèn)題。avoid doing sth.避免做某事,故答案為asking。

4句意:有人敲門(mén)時(shí),他正在寫(xiě)一封重要的信。“write”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在當(dāng)有人敲門(mén)這一時(shí)刻,表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),故答案為was writing。

5句意:從現(xiàn)在起,將進(jìn)一步改善太湖的水環(huán)境。根據(jù)“from now on”判斷,句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí),主語(yǔ)moredo之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,句子為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故答案為will be done。

6句意:雖然他受到同學(xué)們的嘲笑,但他看上去很鎮(zhèn)靜。根據(jù)“he appeared to be calm.”判斷,前面的句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),主語(yǔ)helaugh之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,故答案為was laughed。

7句意:他甚至沒(méi)有提到當(dāng)時(shí)他控制移動(dòng)的火車的困難程度。have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困難,結(jié)合句意可知,答案為controlling。

8句意:我們的老師曾經(jīng)告訴我們“笨鳥(niǎo)先飛”。“the early bird __________ (catch) the worm.”屬于諺語(yǔ),放在從句中時(shí)態(tài)不受主句過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的影響,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故答案為catches。

9句意:今天早上布萊克夫婦正在打掃房子,但我不確定他們是否已經(jīng)完成了。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境理解,此句是表達(dá)今天早晨這一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá),主語(yǔ)the Blacks視作復(fù)數(shù),故答案為were cleaning。

10句意:如果吃得太多,所有的食物都會(huì)使人發(fā)胖。too much后面省略了food,與eat之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),food是不可數(shù)名詞,故答案為is eaten。

一、確定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。

1. 與各種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):usually,often,always,sometimes,everyday,onSunday等;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):now,atthemoment,有時(shí)句前有Look!或Listen!等詞提示;一般將來(lái)時(shí):thisSunday,nextweek,tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,onFriday,in+一段時(shí)間等;一般過(guò)去時(shí):yesterday,justnow,lastyear,anhourago,in1985等;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):for+一段時(shí)間,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),inthepast+一段時(shí)間,thesedays,recently;just,never,ever,already,yet,before等。

2. 根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。在主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。①在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài);②在賓語(yǔ)從句中,主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可用任意需要的時(shí)態(tài);③在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,若主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,must),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

二、確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。

如所填動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系,確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài),一般說(shuō),句子主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。若句子主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作承受者,則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。

如果所填的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語(yǔ),那么就應(yīng)考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式主要有:動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞)、過(guò)去分詞等。到底采用哪一種形式,要根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配、各種非謂語(yǔ)形式的用途和特點(diǎn)、修辭及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求等方面來(lái)決定。

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