Question

【題目】 We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop（糞便）,USA Today reported.

The findings came from a study by scientists from Environment Agency Austria. The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample（大便樣本）for testing.

Scientists found nine different types of plastic particles（ 顆粒）in the samples. “The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system （淋巴系統(tǒng)）,and may even reach the liver（肝臟）”said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.

However, the scientists aren't sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. They're not sure how the plastic got into the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.

In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste goes into the oceans. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic down to small particles. Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?

According to USA Today, 90 percent of sea salt sold in the world includes plastic. And even some top water has been found to have plastic particles in it.

【1】According to USA Today, what have scientists found for the first time?

A.Plastic in the ocean.B.Plastic in animals.

C.Plastic in human poop.D.Plastic in the soil.

【2】The researchers________according to the second paragraph.

A.followed eight healthy volunteers.B.are from Environment Agency Australia

C.wrote down what they ate for a weekD.provided a stool sample for testing

【3】Paragraph 3 is written to tell us that________

A.plastic particles can be a few different sizesB.plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies

C.plastic can harm the lymphatic systemD.plastic particles are inside all of us

【4】What can we infer （推斷） from the study?

A.Plastic does no harm to our bodies.

B.The best way to deal with plastic waste is to burn it.

C.People should stop drinking tap（水龍頭）water.

D.It can be hard to avoid plastic in food and drinks.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

短文大意：本文關(guān)注的是環(huán)保問題，通過科學(xué)家首次在人類糞便中發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料說明塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。

【1】題意：據(jù)《今日美國(guó)》報(bào)道，科學(xué)家們首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop, USA Today reported但據(jù)《今日美國(guó)》報(bào)道，科學(xué)家首次在人類糞便中發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料”，可知Plastic in human poop符合題意，故選C。

【2】題意：根據(jù)第二段研究人員跟蹤調(diào)查了8名健康志愿者�？疾榧�(xì)節(jié)判斷。A. 跟蹤8名健康志愿者；根據(jù)“The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world”可知說法正確。B. 來自澳大利亞環(huán)境局；根據(jù)“The findings came from a study by scientists from Environment Agency Austria”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. 記錄下他們一周的飲食；根據(jù)“The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample for testing”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。D. 提供糞便樣本進(jìn)行檢測(cè)；根據(jù)“The volunteers…provided a stool sample for testing”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。綜合以上分析，故選A。

【3】題意：第3段告訴我們 �？疾榧�(xì)節(jié)判斷。根據(jù)研究員的話“The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system, and may even reach the liver最小的塑料顆粒能夠進(jìn)入血液、淋巴系統(tǒng)，甚至可能到達(dá)肝臟”，可知塑料顆�？梢缘竭_(dá)我們身體的很多部位，plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies符合題意，故選B。

【4】題意：我們能從這項(xiàng)研究中推斷出什么？考查推理判斷。A. 塑料對(duì)我們的身體沒有傷害；根據(jù)“However, the scientists aren't sure if this plastic is harmful to humans”可知說法錯(cuò)誤。B. 處理塑料垃圾的最好方法是燃燒它；根據(jù)科學(xué)常識(shí)可知說法錯(cuò)誤。C. 人們應(yīng)該停止飲用自來水；根據(jù)“But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles”，結(jié)合科學(xué)常識(shí)，可知說法錯(cuò)誤。D. 食品和飲料中很難不含塑料；根據(jù)“In fact, plastic is everywhere around us …90 percent of sea salt sold in the world includes plastic. And even some top water has been found to have plastic particles in it”可知說法正確。綜合以上分析，故選D。

本文關(guān)注的是塑料污染問題，篇幅較長(zhǎng)，難度適中。做題時(shí)要在理解好文意的基礎(chǔ)上，與題目有機(jī)的結(jié)合，從文章中找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)性的句子與選項(xiàng)細(xì)細(xì)比對(duì)，進(jìn)行選擇或推理判斷，選出符合文章內(nèi)容的正確選項(xiàng)。做題注意靈活，有時(shí)可采用排除法或直選法確定出最終答案。例如小題1，問科學(xué)家們首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，考查細(xì)節(jié)理解；根據(jù)“But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop, USA Today reported”，可知科學(xué)家首次在人類糞便中發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料，Plastic in human poop符合題意，故選C。