Question

【題目】 These days, the environment is a huge topic. It seems like we’re always being reminded to recycle, or to ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.

However, it isn’t just rubbish and traffic that can cause harm to the environment.

According to a recent study by the University of California, published by the journal Science Advances, fertilizer (化肥) in farm soils is a major contribution to smog in nearby cities. According to the research, agricultural soils make up of 25 to 41 percent of nitrogen oxide emissions (氮氧化物排放) in California. Nitrogen oxide, or NOx, is a major cause in smog formation.

“Emissions of NOx from agricultural areas are much higher than we used to believe and could be a major source（來源） of NOx statewide,” the researchers wrote in the study.

Just like fertilized farmland, there are many other things that we wouldn’t expect to have a huge influence on the environment. Take clothes for example. Data (數(shù)據(jù)) published by the World Wildlife Foundation says that every kilogram of cotton takes around 10,000 liters of water to produce.

This means that it takes around 6,000-8,000 liters of water just to create a single pair of jeans, not to mention the carbon produced when they’re made in the factory and then transported to a store.

And even what we choose to eat could be bad for the planet.

In a 2014 study carried out by a professor in New York, US, it was found that beef farming could be causing more harm to the environment than all of the planet’s cars.

So does this mean that we should all stop buying jeans and eating beef? That would certainly help, although it’s not a practical goal.

Instead, a few simple changes could be made. For example, there’s no need to buy new jeans every year when a good pair can last much longer than that.

And when it comes to food, taking the place of the beef in our dishes with chicken or pork every now and then will still mean they taste as delicious.

Indeed, small actions could make a huge difference to our planet.

Unexpected things that 【1】 the environment

What they are	Fertilizer: It plays a 【2】 role in causing the smog in our nearby cities.
	Clothes: Besides a great 【3】of water is taken to create a single pair of jeans, the carbon can’t be 【4】when they are made in the factory and transported to a store.
	Beef: Beef farming is surprisingly causing more harm to our environment than all of the planet’s cars
What we can do	It is 【5】 to stop buying jeans and eating beef, but small action could make a huge difference.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】harm

【2】major

【3】deal

【4】avoided

【5】impossible

【解析】

這篇文章主要講述不僅是垃圾和交通會對我們的地球環(huán)境帶來危害，我們在農(nóng)田里施肥，我們穿的牛仔褲的加工包括吃的食物都會對地球有影響，告訴人們從小的行動開始保護我們的地球。

【1】句意：危害環(huán)境的意外事件

根據(jù)原文“However,itisn'tjustrubbishandtrafficthatcancauseharmtotheenvironment. 然而，不僅是垃圾和交通可能會對環(huán)境造成傷害�！笨芍�，陳述一般事實用一般現(xiàn)在時；先行詞things是復(fù)數(shù)，故空格處應(yīng)是動詞原形。harm傷害，動詞。故填harm。

【2】句意：它在造成我們附近城市的煙霧方面扮演著重要角色。

role角色，名詞，故空格處應(yīng)是形容詞，作定語。根據(jù)原文“fertilizer（化肥）infarmsoilsisamajorcontributiontosmoginnearbycities農(nóng)田土壤中的化肥是附近城市煙霧的主要貢獻�！笨芍�，化肥在污染城市方面扮演著重要角色。major重要的，主要的，形容詞。故填major。

【3】句意：除了大量的水被用來制作一條牛仔褲外，在工廠生產(chǎn)并運到商店時，碳也無法避免。

根據(jù)原文“Thismeansthatittakesaround6,0008,000litersofwaterjusttocreateasinglepairofjeans這意味著它需要大約6000到8000升的水來創(chuàng)造一條牛仔褲�！笨芍�，制作一條牛仔褲用大量的水。a greatdeal of大量的，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a great deal of water大量的水。故填deal。

【4】句意：除了大量的水被用來制作一條牛仔褲外，在工廠生產(chǎn)并運到商店時，碳也無法避免。

根據(jù)“This means that it takes around 6,000-8,000 liters of water just to create a single pair of jeans, not to mention the carbon produced when they’re made in the factory and then transported to a store. 這意味著它需要大約6000到8000升的水來制造一條牛仔褲，更不用說在工廠生產(chǎn)并運到商店時產(chǎn)生的碳。”可知，除了用水，還會產(chǎn)生碳，故碳是不可被避免的。所以此處是含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)（can’t +be+過去分詞）；avoid避免，過去分詞avoided。故填avoided。

【5】句意：不可能停止買牛仔褲和吃牛肉，但小小的行動可能會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

It is +adj. + to do sth.表示“做某事是……的”。根據(jù)原文“Sodoesthismeanthatweshouldallstopbuyingjeansandeatingbeef？Thatwouldcertainlyhelp, althoughit'snotapracticalgoal.這是否意味著我們都應(yīng)該停止購買牛仔褲和吃牛肉？這當(dāng)然會有幫助，盡管這不是一個實際的目標(biāo)。”可知，不買牛仔褲不吃牛肉是不可能的。故填impossible。