Question

【題目】 We like to believe that before we make a decision, most of the time, we take time to consider all the facts carefully. However, Experts believe that only 5% of our decisions are based on a rational （理性的）thought process. So, what influences our decision-making process?

We often leave decision-making to our instincts（本能）.Scientists have found out that if we had the choice, we like to avoid pain rather than get something. In fact, we're twice as happy when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one. This is why when companies send ads, they use phrases like "How to avoid...", "Don't miss out!", etc.

There are also physical reasons that affect our decision-making. Psychologist （心理學家）John Bargh carried on an experiment where people were asked what they thought of a fictional person, while holding a cold or a hot cup of coffee. Those holding the hot cup believed the person to be warmer and more sociable than those holding the cold cup. So, when temperatures rise, the more likely we are to believe in strangers.

Stress is another thing which affects our decisions. Different situations are more or less stressful for different people. Researchers have found, though, that women are more conservative （保守的）about decisions when stressed, while men are to make riskier choices.

It may come as a surprise but every day from the minute we get up, we have to make countless decisions, like what to wear, what coffee to have and so on. Each choice makes our brain a little bit more tired, and this affects our decision-making. That's why important people, like presidents wearing the same three suits all the time, want to limit the small choices and spend more brain power （力量）on the bigger ones.

【1】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

A.B.C.D.

【2】What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Every day we have to make lots of big decisions.

B.People sometimes judge a person by what he wears.

C.What people wear influences their decision making.

D.Making fewer decisions helps to save brain power.

【3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.We make most of the decisions after our careful thinking.

B.People are likely to be happier to avoid something bad.

C.As the temperature is low, we are likely to believe others

D.People usually have risky decisions under heavy pressure.

【4】The purpose of the passage is to__________.

A.tell us what influences decision-makingB.advise people to make rational decisions

C.warn people not to make risky decisionsD.show disadvantages of rational decisions

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

在我們做決定之前，大多數(shù)時候，我們會花時間仔細考慮所有的事實。然而，專家認為，只有5%的決定是基于理性的思維過程。本文主要講述什么影響了我們的決策過程。

【1】篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。題干為：下面哪個選項顯示了這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)？分析文章可知，本文采用“總——分”的結(jié)構(gòu)行文，且分論點下并無其他講解，故選C。

【2】主旨大意題。題干為：最后一段的大意是什么？根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述少做決定有助于節(jié)省腦力，故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。題干為：我們能從這篇文章中學到什么？根據(jù)“Scientists have found out that if we had the choice…when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one.”可知，當我們試圖避免一個糟糕的情況時，我們的幸福感是經(jīng)歷一個好情況時的兩倍，故選B。

【4】推理判斷題。題干為：寫這篇文章的目的是什么？根據(jù)文章主旨可知，本文主要告訴我們什么影響決策，故選A。