Question

【題目】Do you sometimes find you want to eat chocolate or ice cream very much? Do you then make it but feel guilty about it later?

The next time this happens to you, think back if you have had enough sleep over the last 3-5 days. Many adults and even teens have noticed that they crave "midnight snacks" when working or watching TV late.

New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.

Recently, researchers at the University of Chicago carried out a study that clearly shows that a lack of sleep actually changes our brain chemistry! Studies were done on two control groups over four days. Both groups had their food and sleep strictly controlled. All of them received three meals. The only difference was that one group was allowed to sleep for 7.5 hours while the other group slept for a little more than four hours.

During the following visit, their sleep patterns were exchanged. After the last night of the session, the volunteers were offered as much food as they wanted to eat. Researchers noticed that in both sessions, people who sleep less ate on an average 300 calories more than those who had slept more. This was much more calories than what their bodies would need to make up for the three fewer hours of sleep.

What Is Going On?

The researchers then analyzed the chemicals (化學(xué)成分) in the blood of the people in the study. What they noticed was surprising. High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep.

Even more surprising was that this group had higher levels of endocannabinoids - the same chemical that is caused by drugs such as cannabis (大麻). The endocannabinoid system causes a craving for sugar and fatty foods and leads to overeating even when the body is not hungry. This study suggests that sleep changes help produce chemicals in the body that are similar to taking drugs!

Furthermore, researchers noticed that food cravings continued for a long period of time, well after the lack of sleep. This increases the risk of over-eating for longer periods, leading to obesity (肥胖).

Your body needs 7-8 hours of sleep each night. So, the next time you reach for a bag of chips or a slice of decadent cake, think of the amount of sleep you have had recently!

【1】According to the passage, people want to eat more when they ________.

A．work B．watch TV C．sleep less D．sleep more

【2】The word ‘crave’ in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.

A．hope B．want C．hate D．dislike

【3】From the passage, we can learn that ________.

A．people feel guilty about eating chocolate

B．unhealthy food makes people sleep less and less

C．a(chǎn) person’s sleep has nothing to do with his/her appetite

D．a(chǎn) study about sleep and obesity was carried out at the University of Chicago

【4】The chemical that makes us feel hungry is called ________.

A．ghrelin B．leptim

C．cannabis D．endocannabinoids

【5】This article is mainly about ________.

A．researchers working on people’s sleep

B．how people’s sleep influences their appetite

C．how much people need to eat after sleeping less

D．A research about chemicals in the blood of people

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

試題分析：短文大意：本文主要講述了人們的睡眠如何影響他們的食欲，新的研究表明，睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們食欲的增加。

【1】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段New research shows that lack of sleep could lead us to have an increased appetite (食欲)- especially for the unhealthy kind.可知， 睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們有食欲增加。所以該選C。

【2】B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句意：許多成年人甚至青少年意識到他們在工作或看電視時(shí)渴望“午夜點(diǎn)心”，可知與want意思相近。所以該選B。

【3】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第四段到短文結(jié)束可知, 一項(xiàng)關(guān)于睡眠和肥胖的研究在芝加哥大學(xué)進(jìn)行。所以該選D。

【4】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第四段High levels of ghrelin (a chemical that makes us hungry) and lower levels of leptin (the chemical that tells the brain that it is satisfied) were found in the people with less sleep描述可知，叫做生長素的化學(xué)物質(zhì)使我們感到饑餓。所以該選A。

【5】B主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文大意可知，本文主要講述了人們的睡眠如何影響他們的食欲。所以該選B。