Question

【題目】 The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”

In my fridge-less fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的）bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.

The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking,salting, sugaring, bottling ...

What refrigeration did promote was marketing -- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.

Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.

The fridges’ effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

【1】The statement “In my fridge-less fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggests that ____.

A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties

B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties

C.there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s

D.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s

【2】Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

A.Because people would not buy more food than was necessary.

B.Because food was delivered to people two or three times a week.

C.Because food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.

D.Because people had effective ways to preserve their food.

【3】Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?

A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelling salesmen.

【4】Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment?

A.“Hum away continuously”.B.“Climatically almost unnecessary”.

C.“Artificially - cooled space.”D.“With mild temperatures.”

【5】What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges?

A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【4】A

【5】B

【解析】

本文講述了作者認(rèn)為冰箱的壞處大于好處。在作者的童年是沒(méi)有冰箱的，吃得很好，很健康。每年冬天，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的冰箱不停地嗡嗡作響，花費(fèi)巨大，忙著在人工加熱的房子里維持一個(gè)人工冷卻的空間。在外面，大自然免費(fèi)提供所需的溫度。冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是顯而易見(jiàn)的，而它對(duì)人類(lèi)幸福的貢獻(xiàn)是微不足道的。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In my fridge-less fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy.”在作者的童年是沒(méi)有冰箱的，吃得很好，很健康，所以20世紀(jì)50年代，作者家里沒(méi)有冰箱。故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus（剩余的）bread and milk became all kinds of cakes”，所以是因?yàn)槿藗冇杏行У姆椒▉?lái)保存他們的食物。故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。綜觀全文，作者對(duì)認(rèn)為冰箱不是必備品，再結(jié)合最后一段中“The fridges’ effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant ”更明確指出，它對(duì)人類(lèi)幸福的貢獻(xiàn)微不足道，故可推斷，消費(fèi)者從冰箱中獲益最少，故選B。

【4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense,”每年冬天，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的冰箱不停地嗡嗡作響，花費(fèi)巨大，所以是嗡嗡的聲音，故選A。

【5】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“The fridges’ effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant ” 冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響是顯而易見(jiàn)的，而它對(duì)人類(lèi)幸福的貢獻(xiàn)是微不足道的，所以作者是對(duì)冰箱持批判態(tài)度的。故選B。