Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping（向---送出） blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. So our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear. "We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
小題1:What is the finding of the study?
A．fear has something to do with one's health.
B．fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C．One's heart affects how he feels fear.
D．One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
小題2:When are people more likely to feel a sense of fear ?
A．When the heartbeat is relaxed.
B．When their hearts are contracting.
C．When people are tired.
D．When people are happy.
小題3:The study was carried out by analyzing （分析）_______.
A．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
B．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
C．volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans
D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication
小題4:Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism" in Paragraph 6?
A．Order.B．Machine.C．Treatment.D．System.
小題5:This study may be useful to _______.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the sky to the heart-brain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:D
小題5:A

試題分析：科學(xué)家通過(guò)研究總結(jié)出一個(gè)人的心臟影響他對(duì)恐懼的感受，心臟收縮舒張時(shí)比放松時(shí)更可能去感受恐懼；這個(gè)研究是通過(guò)分析志愿者對(duì)恐怖圖片的反應(yīng)和對(duì)大腦掃描的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，并且科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的規(guī)律就是通過(guò)心臟和大腦的對(duì)話來(lái)改變我們的感受并減小恐懼，這個(gè)規(guī)律也可以運(yùn)用在焦慮和壓力的治療方面。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第二段描述Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.，可知心臟能夠影響大腦對(duì)恐懼事件的反應(yīng)，取決于心臟的有規(guī)律的收縮和舒張。所以一個(gè)人的心臟影響他對(duì)恐懼的感受，故選C。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段描述 Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping（向---送出） blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.，可知當(dāng)心臟收縮舒張時(shí)比放松時(shí)更可能去感受恐懼，故選B。
小題3:推理判斷題題。根據(jù)短文段描述，可知這個(gè)研究是通過(guò)分析志愿者對(duì)恐怖圖片的反應(yīng)和對(duì)大腦掃描的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，故選C。
小題4:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)短文描述We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，可知科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)重要的規(guī)律就是通過(guò)心臟和大腦的對(duì)話來(lái)改變我們的感受并減小恐懼，所以mechanism的意思是“規(guī)律”，故選D。
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段描述we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.，可知通過(guò)上述研究，可以讓焦慮，有壓力的治療變得更成功，故選A。
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