分析 文章大意:
如果我們被問到一年前我們在做什么,我們可能不得不說,我們不記得了.但是如果我們保存了一本書,并及記錄我們每天做的事情,我們應該能夠很順利的回答這個問題.
歷史也是如此,許多事情都被遺忘了,因為我們沒有對他們進行書面記載.有些時候,人類確實記錄了他們國家的重要事件,但是它常常被火災或戰(zhàn)爭毀滅.有時從來沒有任何書面記錄,因為那個時代和那個地方的人不知道怎么寫.例如,我們對4000年前在中國的人很了解,因為他們可以書寫,并把這些記錄的文件交給后代保存.但我們幾乎沒有誰知道200年前在中非的發(fā)生的事情,因為他們那是還沒有學會書寫.
有時,即使人們不能寫,他們可能知道過去的東西.他們從老年人那里聽到了,同時也可以從歌曲、舞蹈和故事中發(fā)現(xiàn),因為很多事情都會融入在這些里面,并且那些歌曲和舞蹈被傳成了許多代,大多數(shù)人都會自豪地講述他們的父親在過去都做了些什么.這可以稱為"被記住的歷史".其中一些已寫成歷史,因為在語言中一次又一次使用時,說的話更容易改變并且以書面形式復制時更加容易.但在沒有書面記錄的地方,這樣的口語故事通常對歷史的記錄是有幫助的.
解答 34.D,推理判斷題,文章中稱通過歌曲舞蹈傳承歷史事情的方式成為""remembered history",在此之后的文章中發(fā)現(xiàn),作者說"because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech",表明了口傳的時候表述錯誤或文字變更會使原有信息發(fā)生錯誤或失真,所以可靠性沒有文字好,A正確.文中提到"It is the same in history.Many things have been forgotten because we don't have written account of them"歷史和我們的情況一下,不去記錄就會忘記,所以記錄在歷史的傳承中起著重要的作用,所以B正確;文中說"But if we had kept a book and had written it in an account(陳述) of what we did each day,we should be able to give an answer to the question"如果我們記錄每一天發(fā)生的事,我們就會輕而易舉的知曉當年發(fā)生的事情,所以選項C正確;文中提到"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful",就算沒有文字記錄,口頭傳授的方式也可以記載歷史,所以選項D錯誤.
35.D,句意理解題,文中明確給出"But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200years ago in central Africa because they had not learnt to write",表明不知道200年前中非的事情,是因為那時候這里的人們還不知道如何書寫,所以很多事情沒有傳下來,選擇D.
36.B,句意理解題,文中最后一句明確給出"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful"表明在沒有文字記錄的條件下,口頭傳授,即所謂的"Remembered history"也可以幫助記錄,保持歷史的延續(xù),所以選擇D.
37.A,推理判斷題,有前面幾道題可知,口傳的時候表述錯誤或文字變更會使原有信息發(fā)生錯誤或失真,可靠性沒有文字好,所以我們應該不會從歌曲舞蹈中知曉太多關于歷史的詳細信息,所以排除選項CD;對于選項B,文中提到"but it was often destroyed(破壞) by fire or in a war",書稿可能能會被大火燒毀或因為戰(zhàn)爭而消失,但大火和戰(zhàn)爭以及書的燒毀并不是故意的,所以B表述錯誤;我們之所以現(xiàn)在對歷史不太了解,就是因為有些事情沒有被記載或記載的不夠詳細,所以如果我們要比現(xiàn)在更好的了解歷史,我們所要做的就是獲得大量關于歷史的記錄,也就是最好古代人對每一個歷史事件做了詳盡的記錄,所以選擇A.
點評 本文主要是說歷史傳承與書面記錄、"Remembered history"之間的關系.題目涉及到推理判斷和主旨大意題,要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上進行合理地分析才能得出正確答案,切記不能亂猜,一定做到有理有據(jù).
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