Question

7．Harmful microbes like bacteris，viruses and other germs are pathogens．They may enter your bodies and make you ill．The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens．
The immune system is made up of non-specialized defences such as skin，tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach，keeping you from the pathogens．It also has some highly specializde defences，which are different kinds of immune cells，grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes．Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell．They are swimming around in your blood stream，always on the lookout for antigens-the pathogens that have entered your bodies．Whenever they see one，ther will eat it．However，some antigens are hard to find and kill．Then lymphocytes，which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells，T helper cells and T killer cells，Will be the killers of the sncaky antigens．
B cells，T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens．B cells produce substances，called antibodies，which stick to the antigen．When that happens，it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either：1．help the B cells kill the antigen，or 2．call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill．Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen，they create cells to"remember"it．Those"memory cells"hang out in your blood if they see the same antigen again，they quickly recognize，it so your immune system can act faster at killing it．
The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine．Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia，then genetically cheanged them into"serial Keller"cells to attack cancer cells．The study was small but the results were groundbraking．The modified immune cells increascd at least 1，000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells．Therefore，more"memory cells"were created．
  The immune system can be developed．Eating lean protein food （beef，beans ）and food rich in vitamins A，C，and E（sweet potatoes，carrots ），taking a 30-minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels，etc．will help you achieve it．

37．What can the immune system do？B
A．Keep you from antibodies．
B．Protect you against antigens．
C．Make your bodies werk and sick．
D．Help microbes enter your bodies
38．How are the sneaky antigens found and killed？A
A．Phagocytes，B，T helper and T killer cells work together
B．Skin，tears，acidic juice and immune cells work together
C．B cells create"memory cells"to swim around in the blood
D．B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells
39．What does the underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refer to？A
A．The immune system can be made more powerful
B．Less antigens can be killed by the immune system
C．White blood cells act less quickly in the immune system
D．The immune system can be changed into the"serial killer"
40．This article is mainly aboutD．
A．the types of white blood cells
B．a(chǎn) research report about human healeh
C．the cause of illness and discase
D．a(chǎn)n introduction to the immune system．

Answer 1

分析 細(xì)菌、病毒以及其他的微生物等有害的細(xì)菌都是病原體．他們可以侵入人體并引起疾�。�我們身體里面的免疫系統(tǒng)是我們身體里的防御系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們免受這些病原體引起的疾病的侵害．我們的免疫系統(tǒng)包括人體的皮膚、眼淚以及胃里產(chǎn)生的酸性物質(zhì)等．同時(shí)，它還包括由不同的免疫細(xì)胞組成的高級(jí)識(shí)別防御系統(tǒng)．這個(gè)系統(tǒng)由噬菌細(xì)胞和淋巴細(xì)胞組成．噬菌細(xì)胞是一種白細(xì)胞．它們游走在我們的血管中，隨時(shí)警惕抗原---那些侵入我們?nèi)梭w的病原體．只要發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)，它們就會(huì)消滅掉一個(gè)．然而，有些抗原很難被發(fā)現(xiàn)并清除．此時(shí)，淋巴細(xì)胞就會(huì)出馬來(lái)殲滅這些"狡猾的敵人"．這一類淋巴細(xì)胞也是白細(xì)胞的一種，但主要是由B細(xì)胞，T輔助細(xì)胞以及殺傷性T細(xì)胞組成．
B細(xì)胞，T輔助細(xì)胞以及殺傷性T細(xì)胞共同協(xié)作來(lái)殲滅外敵．B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生一種稱為"抗體"的物質(zhì)，并黏著于抗原上．然后，它會(huì)釋放出信號(hào)，請(qǐng)T輔助細(xì)胞共同滅敵．它們通過(guò)以下兩種方式：要么由T輔助細(xì)胞協(xié)助B細(xì)胞殺滅抗原，要么由T輔助細(xì)胞或噬菌細(xì)胞浸入抗原體，并將之殲滅．一旦B細(xì)胞或T輔助細(xì)胞滅敵成功，它們就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種"記憶細(xì)胞"．這些記憶細(xì)胞會(huì)游走在血液里．一旦遇上同一種抗原，它們就會(huì)很快識(shí)別它．此時(shí)，我們身體里的免疫系統(tǒng)能夠更快地發(fā)揮作用，殺滅抗原．
我們的免疫系統(tǒng)或許比我們想象的要強(qiáng)大．近期，來(lái)自賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)的科學(xué)家提取了三名白血病病人的免疫細(xì)胞，然后通過(guò)基因技術(shù)把他們轉(zhuǎn)變成抗癌細(xì)胞．這項(xiàng)研究雖小，但結(jié)果是開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的．重組后的免疫細(xì)胞在身體內(nèi)繁殖了至少一千倍，并殺滅了所有癌細(xì)胞，從而產(chǎn)生了更多的"記憶細(xì)胞"．
人們可以進(jìn)一步發(fā)展我們的免疫系統(tǒng)．食用牛肉、豆類等高蛋白食物和番薯、胡蘿卜等高維生素A、C和E的食物，每天散步三十分鐘以及減少我們的壓力等方式都可以達(dá)到這個(gè)效果．

解答 37．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens．我們身體里面的免疫系統(tǒng)是我們身體里的防御系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們免受這些病原體引起的疾病的侵害．故選B．
38．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段Then lymphocytes，which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells，T helper cells and T killer cells，Will be the killers of the sncaky antigens．淋巴細(xì)胞就會(huì)出馬來(lái)殲滅這些"狡猾的敵人"．這一類淋巴細(xì)胞也是白細(xì)胞的一種，但主要是由B細(xì)胞，T輔助細(xì)胞以及殺傷性T細(xì)胞組成．故選A．
39．A．詞義理解題．根據(jù)最后一段The immune system can be developed人們可以進(jìn)一步發(fā)展我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，可知這里的it替代的是The immune system can be made more powerful，故答案是A．
40．D．主旨大意題．根據(jù)第一段The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens．我們身體里面的免疫系統(tǒng)是我們身體里的防御系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們免受這些病原體引起的疾病的侵害．第二段The immune system is made up of non-specialized defences such as skin，tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach，keeping you from the pathogens我們的免疫系統(tǒng)包括人體的皮膚、眼淚以及胃里產(chǎn)生的酸性物質(zhì)等，最后The immune system can be developed人們可以進(jìn)一步發(fā)展我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，本文主要是介紹免疫系統(tǒng)，故答案是D．

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