Question

9．As one of the most well-known of the fantasy languages invented for science fiction film，television and book，and developed by J．R．R．Tolkien himself，Elvish is made up with several thousand words and different sentence structures．
  Constructed languages （人造語言） like Elvish are real languages，madeup of thousands of words created by fantasy writers，linguists and fans，with real language rules．While a
widespread vocabulary is advantageous to a constructed language，there is a key differentiator （區(qū)分者） we can see between just a lot of words and real language：Grammar．
  Grammar is what makes constructed languages like Elvish learnable by everyday superfans．Superfans of The Lord of the Rings have built websites and created dictionaries，apps and translators，to teach Elvish．They have also created online clubs where fans can discuss and even create new words based on the already existing vocabulary，and continue to study the language．
  So what does it take to be a master of Elvish？
  In learning Elvish，there are a couple of grammatical rules similar to those of the English language．For example，in order to make a verb past tense in English，you have to add an-ed，makingwash，washed．Similarly in Elvish，in order to change the word for wash，which is allu，to the past tense then you have to add an-ne to the word．So washed is then translated to allune in past tense．
  Nouns in Elvish are different in the way that the noun changes depending on how it's used in a sentence，just like in Latin or Russian．For example，the word head in Elvish is CAS．However，if you duck your head，then the word changes to CARA．When mentioningsomething in your head，then it changes to CASSE．Tolkien's attention to detail in creating the fantasy world used in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit，complete with multiple functioning （多功能的） invented languages，has attracted readers and movie viewers these years．
  Elvish is only one of the many magical languages developed by J．R．R．Tolkien．Creating language for fantasy has proven to add to viewers and readers experiences．By transplanting their imagination to a new world，fans are able to learn the new language and speak Elvish with each other，much like their favorite characters．
52．Elvish is considered a real language becauseA．
A．certain grammatical rules make the language learnable
B．it is made up with lots of words and sentence structures
C．characters in The Lord of the Rings use it to communicate
D．new words can be created based on already existing words
53．For the fans of The Lord of the Rings，C．
A．Elvish is a language difficult to learn
B．there is no Elvish dictionary to refer to
C．Elvish adds to the novel's attractiveness
D．they can even create new grammar for Elvish
54．Which of the following is TRUE about Elvish？D
A．The translation of"washed"in Elvish is"allu"．
B．The form of a noun doesn't change in Elvish．
C．Elvish and English share the same grammar．
D．Elvish is also used in the filmThe Hobbit．
55．The best title for this passage might beA．
A．Elvish，a Magical Language
B．J．R．R．Tolkien，a Great Writer
C．The Hobbit，a Wonderful Film
D．Language，a Way to Communicate．

Answer 1

分析 原文大意：
作為科幻電影最著名的幻想語言之一，電視和書籍是由J．R．R．Tolkien自己開發(fā)，精靈由幾千個詞和不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)組成．
構(gòu)造語言就像精靈，是真實的語言，由幻想作家，語言學(xué)家和球迷創(chuàng)造的數(shù)千個詞組成，具有真實的語言規(guī)則．廣泛熟知的詞匯有利于一種語言的構(gòu)造，在許多詞匯和一門語言之間，有一個關(guān)鍵區(qū)別，那就是語法．語法是使構(gòu)造的語言像精靈一樣變成可以被日常超級粉絲學(xué)習(xí)的東西．魔戒的建立者建立了網(wǎng)站，創(chuàng)建了字典，應(yīng)用程序和翻譯，并且一直在教授精靈．他們還創(chuàng)建了在線俱樂部，粉絲可以討論甚至基于已經(jīng)存在的詞匯創(chuàng)建新詞，并繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)語言．
那么，成為精靈的高手需要什么？
在學(xué)習(xí)精靈語言時，有一些與英語語法相似的語法規(guī)則．例如，為了使英語中的動詞過去時態(tài)，你必須添加ed，比如把wash變成washed．類似地在精靈中，在改變洗滌這個詞時，這個詞是allu，過去時，那么你必須添加一個ne到這個詞．然后洗就被翻譯成過去時的allune．
精靈中的名詞根據(jù)其在句子中的使用方式而有所不同，就像在拉丁語或俄語中一樣．例如，精靈中的詞頭是CAS．但是，如果你低頭，那么詞改變?yōu)镃ARA．當(dāng)你注意到腦海中的某些事情，那么它將變?yōu)镃ASSE．Tolkien在戒指和霍比特人非常在意使用文字的細節(jié)，努力完成多功能發(fā)明語言，因此這么多年吸引了大量的讀者和電影觀眾．
精靈只是由J．R．R．Tolkien開發(fā)的許多神奇語言之一．創(chuàng)造奇幻語言已經(jīng)證明了其在創(chuàng)作中加入了觀眾和讀者的經(jīng)驗．通過移植他們的想象力到一個新的世界，影迷們能夠?qū)W習(xí)新的語言，并且彼此通過精靈交流．并且，更加喜歡劇中人物的性格．

解答 52．A，文義推斷題，文中指出"like Elvish are real languages with real language rules"，精靈語言雖然是認為編寫，但讓他被認為是一種語言的原因是他擁有一套完整的語言規(guī)則，所以選擇A
53．C，文字推斷題，文中指出"Superfans of The Lord of the Rings have built websites and created dictionaries，apps and translators，to teach Elvish．"指環(huán)王的超級粉絲在教授精靈語言，且創(chuàng)建字典，開設(shè)網(wǎng)站和app等形式，所以推測精靈語言不難學(xué)，并存在字典工具，所以排除AB選項；文中用"They have also created online clubs where fans can discuss and even create new words based on the already existing vocabulary，and continue to study the language．"來表明粉絲可以創(chuàng)建新詞，但并不包括語法，所以選項D錯誤．對于選項C，文章說"has attracted readers and movie viewers these years"，表明其這些年吸引了很多讀者及看電影的人，所以說精靈是一種新興的語言結(jié)構(gòu)，并且吸引了好多人．故選C
54．D，細節(jié)分析題．根據(jù)原文意思，"allu，to the past tense then you have to add an-ne to the word"，洗的單詞在精靈中是'allu'，再轉(zhuǎn)換成過去時時應(yīng)該在末尾家"ne"，A錯誤；文中說"Nouns in Elvish are different in the way that the noun changes depending on how it's used in a sentence"，表明名詞的使用形式與句子表達意思有關(guān)，說明其會發(fā)生變化，B錯誤；文中指出"there are a couple of grammatical rules similar to those of the English language"，說明精靈語言和英語語法類似，但從下文得知并非完全相同，所以C錯誤；D中Hobbit霍比特人屬于科幻電影，所以符合要求．
55．A，考察主題歸納．本文通篇都在介紹精靈語言，涉及到其發(fā)明人，電影名稱及語言學(xué)習(xí)，但最重要的還是在說明精靈語言的出處、發(fā)展、語法、教學(xué)等，所以主題應(yīng)該是精靈語言，所以選擇A．

點評 本文主要是奇幻語言-精靈的來源、語法及應(yīng)用等．題止涉及到詞義猜測、推理判斷和主旨大意題，要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進行合理地分析才能得出正確答案，切記不能亂猜，一定做到有理有據(jù)