【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,使短文內(nèi)容完整、通順。每詞限用一次。

easy, message, good, start, divide, if, they, safe, excite, avoid, problem, sit

easy, message, good, start, divide, if, they, safe, excite, avoid, problem, sit

The new year brought new desks for students at a school inCalifornia,USA. The school's classrooms have all changed 【1】 seated desks to standing desks. “It's now the first all-standing school,” Juliet Starrett says. She 【2】 the group StandUp Kids and wanted to have everyUSpublic school kid using a standing desk in the next 10 years.

Starrett's daughters are both at that school. They are 【3】about their desks. “You feel happier, you're less tired and you're more active,” one of the girls says.

Some of the desks have wheels. Wheels allow the desks to be moved 【4】. The desks are also able to be set at different heights. Kids take breaks by【5】on the floor or on stools (凳子).

Mark Benden is an expert who studies how to make things easy and 【6】to use. According to him, standing workers are more focused and healthier. Researchers inNew Zealand,Australiaand theUnited Kingdomhad similar findings.

But not everyone believes standing is【7】than sitting. Some parents and teachers worry that kids will get tired and that standing for long may cause 【8】. And standing desks are more expensive.

Benden says both sitting and standing desks can cause problems 【9】 they are not the proper height. “Our【10】should not be ‘Sit less, stand more',” he says, “but ‘Sit less, move more'.”

【答案】

【1】 their

【2】 started

【3】 excited

【4】 easily

【5】 sitting

【6】 safe

【7】 better

【8】 problems

【9】 if

【10】 message

【解析】

文章大意：美國(guó)加利福尼亞的一所學(xué)校把學(xué)生的坐式課桌換成了站式課桌。專(zhuān)家介紹了學(xué)生使用站式課桌的好處和優(yōu)勢(shì)。也有家長(zhǎng)和老師提出不同的看法。

【1】句意：學(xué)校的教室都把坐著的課桌換成了站著的課桌�？疾樾稳菰~性物主代詞。此處需要一個(gè)單詞來(lái)修飾seated desks，同時(shí)它代替前面的the school classrooms，所以選they，又因?yàn)樾枰稳菰~性物主代詞，故答案為：their。

【2】句意：她創(chuàng)辦了“站起來(lái)的孩子”組織，并希望在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)讓每個(gè)美國(guó)公立學(xué)校的孩子都能使用一張辦公桌。考查動(dòng)詞。she是主語(yǔ)，后面要跟謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面的 and wanted to…，此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，并且要用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和wanted并列，根據(jù)預(yù)猜句意"她發(fā)起了"孩子們站起來(lái)"這個(gè)活動(dòng)"，選stand，又因?yàn)橐靡话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，故答案為：started。

【3】句意：他們對(duì)自己的桌子很興奮。考查動(dòng)詞固定結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)后面一個(gè)女孩說(shuō)，"你感覺(jué)更快樂(lè)，不那么累，更活躍"，可知，此處應(yīng)該表示快樂(lè)、興奮，所以選excite；而且be excited about是一個(gè)固定句型，意思是"對(duì)…感到興奮"，可知此處要用be excited about，故答案為：excited。

【4】句意：輪子使書(shū)桌移動(dòng)方便�？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)前面"輪子使課桌移動(dòng)"是一個(gè)完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，此處需要的修飾語(yǔ)，選easy，又因?yàn)樾揎梽?dòng)詞要用副詞，所以將形容詞easy變?yōu)楦痹~easily，故答案為：easily。

【5】句意：孩子們坐在地板上或凳子上休息�？疾閯�(dòng)詞。根據(jù)on the floor or on stools此處需要?jiǎng)釉~；by+doing是固定搭配，意思是"通過(guò)…的方式"，可以預(yù)猜句意為"孩子們坐在地板上或凳子上休息"，所以選sit，sit變現(xiàn)在分詞，需要雙寫(xiě)t，再加ing，故答案為：sitting。

【6】句意：馬克·本登是一位研究如何使事物易于使用和安全使用的專(zhuān)家�？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)前面的"how to make things easy and"可知，此處需要填一個(gè)形容詞和easy并列，再根據(jù)預(yù)猜句意"馬克本登是一位研究如何使事物變得簡(jiǎn)單和安全使用的專(zhuān)家"，可知此處safe，故答案為：safe。

【7】句意：但并不是每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為站著比坐著好。考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的"than sitting"可知，此處需要填比較級(jí)，根據(jù)前面的is可知，此處要用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)預(yù)猜句意"不是每個(gè)人都相信站著比坐著好"，所以選good，good的比較級(jí)是better，故答案為：better。

【8】句意：一些家長(zhǎng)和老師擔(dān)心孩子會(huì)累，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站立可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致問(wèn)題�？疾槊~。根據(jù)前面的"Some parents and teachers worry that kids will get tired"有些家長(zhǎng)和老師擔(dān)心孩子會(huì)累，可以預(yù)猜后面是"長(zhǎng)時(shí)間站著可能會(huì)引起問(wèn)題"，所以選problem，problem是可數(shù)名詞，此處要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為：problems。

【9】句意：本登說(shuō)，如果坐著和站著的桌子的高度不合適，它們都會(huì)引起問(wèn)題�？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)前面"Benden says both sitting and standing desks can cause problems"本登說(shuō)站式和坐式的桌子就會(huì)產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題"，可知此句是主從復(fù)合句，再根據(jù)預(yù)猜語(yǔ)義"如果它們的高度不合適"可知，此處是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，所以選if來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故答案為：if。

【10】句意：“我們的信息不應(yīng)該是‘坐得少，站得多’，”他說(shuō)，“而應(yīng)該是‘坐得少，動(dòng)得多’。”考查名詞。根據(jù)后面的動(dòng)詞"should not be…"可知，此處需要主語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)前面的"our"可知，需要一個(gè)名詞，所以選message，預(yù)猜句意為"我們的信息不應(yīng)該是"少坐，多站""，故答案為：message。

選詞填空題是初中英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重要題型，它集詞的用法與搭配、詞語(yǔ)辨析、語(yǔ)法、單句理解等考查于一體，既考查了考生的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)水平，又檢測(cè)了考生的分析判斷能力和綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的實(shí)踐能力。

1. 在拿到題目后，不要急于看文章，首先對(duì)備選的詞匯研究幾遍，對(duì)詞性做簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)記，例如：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等等，同時(shí)對(duì)詞義作初步的理解。

2. 仔細(xì)閱讀句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，憑借語(yǔ)感積極主動(dòng)地猜測(cè)空格中所缺的信息，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案。

3. 在選定單詞后，不要輕率地填入。在填詞過(guò)程中，需要瞻前顧后，既要符合本句的含義，又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。當(dāng)你選定一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，要考慮是否要把它變成復(fù)數(shù)或“所有格”形式。其他還要考慮名詞是否需要變成形容詞；在遇到動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要有意識(shí)地去考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的變化(動(dòng)詞不定式-to do，現(xiàn)在分詞-doing，過(guò)去分詞-done，固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容詞和副詞填空時(shí)要主動(dòng)去判定是否需要變成比較級(jí)或高級(jí)，還有它們之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換以及形容詞變名詞也需考慮，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代詞時(shí)，需注意辨別主格、賓格、名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞的用法；數(shù)詞方面要注意基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的變化以及分?jǐn)?shù)的用法。

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