Question

【題目】 Writing is a much newer invention than talking. Nobody knows when people first began to talk, but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago.

In Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China, and later in Palestine and Greece, people began to make marks and pictures with sticks and sharp stones from which others, or they themselves later could see what they had thought.

These early records were the beginning of writing. The first writing was picture writing. Here are some early Chinese picture words. Can you see what they represent （代表）?

Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was, but we can see the pictures in some of its words. For example：

In picture writing, each picture represents a word; you need a different picture or mark for each word. In present﹣day Chinese writing most of the marks are not pictures of anything, and a reader has to learn how the Chinese write about two thousand of these words before being able to read a newspaper.

With some of these marks you may be able to see what the idea is. For example：

The sun and the moon明Its meanings are："bright" and "open".

A man and two marks仁One of the meanings is "humanity".

【1】When did people begin to write?　 　

A. Seven or eight hundred years ago．

B. Before people first began to talk．

C. Seven or eight thousand years ago．

【2】Which of the following is the earliest Chinese picture word?　 　

A. B. C. 雨

【3】What does the明in the passage mean?　 　

A. Day and night．

B. Bright and open．

C. Humanity．

【4】What's the passage mainly about?　 　

A. The history of Chinese writing．

B. When Chinese people began to write．

C. How the Chinese began to talk．

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

這篇短文給我們介紹了中國書寫的歷史。書寫比說話出現(xiàn)得更晚，直到七、八千年前人們才開始寫字。一開始人們用木棍和石頭做記號、畫圖畫，表達(dá)他們自己的想法。后來中國的書寫不像早期文字那樣那么像圖畫了，現(xiàn)在的中國字更加不像圖畫。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago．可知，人們直到七八千年前才開始寫作，由此可知文字寫作開始于七八千年前，故選C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段中 The first writing was picture writing第一個是象形文字，結(jié)合選項，可知A選項是象形文字，所以它是中國最早的文字，故選A。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第二段中The sun and the moon明Its meanings are "bright"and"open"，太陽和月亮．說明它的意思是：明亮和開放，因此“明”的意思是"光明和開放"。故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文開頭Writing is a much newer invention than talking，寫作是一項比談話新得多的發(fā)明，中國的文字開始于七八千年前，經(jīng)歷的一些變化最后形成了現(xiàn)在的漢字。由此可以推測，本文主要介紹的是中國文字的歷史，故選A。

這是一篇說明文，短文中給我們介紹了中國文字發(fā)展的歷史。短文主題明確，內(nèi)容比較容易理解。題型是閱讀理解，考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)題以考查對文章具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解，答案�？梢灾苯釉谠�文找到。做題時，可以根據(jù)題目所問，或利用關(guān)鍵詞，先準(zhǔn)確定位，再根據(jù)原文信息作答。例如第1小題，根據(jù)第一段中but so far as we know, they did not begin to write until seven or eight thousand years ago．可知，人們直到七八千年前才開始寫作，由此可知文字寫作開始于七八千年前，故選C。主旨大意題考查學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)確概括文章大意的能力，考查題型包括：選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題、主旨大意等，如第4小題，題目問的是主旨大意，根據(jù)短文開頭Writing is a much newer invention than talking可知，文章的關(guān)鍵詞是Writing“書寫”；再由短文第四段Later Chinese writing is less like pictures than the earlier writing was、第五段In present﹣day Chinese writing most of the marks are not pictures of anything等可知，短文主要介紹了中國文字的發(fā)展過程，故A選項最符合文意。