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　　When we talk about intelligence(智力), we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school．By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving(表現(xiàn)), especially in a new situation．If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do．

　　For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him．He tries to find out all be can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it．He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries．And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed(羞愧)that he failed, he just tries to learn from his mistakes．An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(看法)on life, a special feeling about life, and how he fits into it．

　　If you look at children, you'll see great difference between what we call“bright”children and“non-bright”children．They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence．For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life-he tries to get in touch with everything around him．But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world：he seems to have a wall between him and life in general．

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　　The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States．It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans．The coffee shop's business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle．

　　Things really began to change for the company in 1981．That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran(經(jīng)營)Starbucks．Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment．He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers．a(chǎn)nd he was curious about the company．Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did, and he liked what he saw．He wanted to become part of the company．In 1982, the original(原先的)Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company's head of marketing．

　　In 1983, Schultz travelled to Italy．The unique atmosphere of the coffee bars there caught his eye．To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places：home, work, and coffee bars．His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle．

　　Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable, and customers everywhere seemed to like it．Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores－and that was only the beginning．In fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day!

　　Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries．One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United States is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants．By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gets an understanding of customers in the city．This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers．

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　　The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress．You often find three colours－red, gold and green－in the clothing．The first colour stands for(象征)the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隸); the second is for the rich resources(資源)of the African earth; and the third represents the grasslands of home．

　　Because clothing has a strong social meaning, people are very careful in choosing what to wear．It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing, or to wear clothes in the wrong way, For example, in Ghana．a(chǎn) woman should wear her waistband(腰帶)differently according to the importance of the social event．

　　Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life．African designs are famous for loose(寬松的)clothing．Tile climate, with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges(變化), requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life．

　　Although many people wear Western clothes, particularly in the big cities in Africa, traditional African dress is very highly valued．This is because it has deep cultural meanings．

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　　Mary Cassatt is considered one of America's most famous female artists．

　　She was born in Pennsylvania in 1844．When she was a child, Mary and her family spent five years travelling and living in Europe．Mary saw the great art museums, and she wanted to become an artist．

　　When she was seventeen, she said that she wanted to go to Paris to study art．At that time people thought that only men could become painters．It was not considered proper work for a woman Her father refused to let her study art．Finally he said she could study it if she went to a school near their home．She attended the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts．

　　At her graduation(畢業(yè))in 1866, she again said that she had to go abroad to learn more about painting．Her father agreed to let her go．At 22 she sailed for Paris．She lived in France, but she went to other countries in Europe．She spent a lot of time in museums．She worked hard to improve her work．She studied the famous paintings of the old masters, and she copied and sketched(畫素描)for hours．

　　She found, though, that she referred the new ideas used by a group of artists living in Paris．They called themselves impressionists(印象派畫家)．Like them Mary Cassatt tried to show real people and the real world． Because these ideas were new, it took some years before people recognized(承認)her as the great artist that she was．

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　　Is there someone you hate?Well, maybe you don’t really hate them．But you get really angry every time you think of them．If you don’t let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness(痛苦)．

　　Bitterness appears when we can’t forgive(原諒)someone who has hurt us or made us angry．Someone might say or do something that hurts us．But instead of controlling the anger, we keep it deep inside．Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow．We may think we’re hurting that person by criticizing(指責(zé))him or her often, but we’re really only hurting ourselves．

　　Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our relationships with friends and family members．No one enjoys being around an angry person for very long．

　　If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ways to deal with it．

　　●Accept it

　　Instead of trying to deny your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it．See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it．

　　●Stop making excuses for it

　　You may feel you have a right to be angry．You may think you’re right and the other person is wrong．You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad．But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person．The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life．

　　●Forgive and forget it

　　You probably can’t completely put the anger out of your mind．But you can decide to forgive the other person．Forget it and move on．You’ll enjoy better health and peace of mind．

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　　My parents taught me not to waste food．My mom always found ways to make leftovers(剩余食物)taste good．I went to Ilan to learn about some of their special foods．As I was there, I learned about the food and the history of the area．I learned that they don’t waste food, either, and they use leftovers!

　　Many years ago, there was not enough food for everyone．People learned to cook and eat almost everything．They had to think of ways to make special dishes．One of these dishes is kao zha．It’s made with leftovers like meat, soup, oil and fat．That might not sound very good, but it does taste good．Today, kao zha is a special dish at big banquets(宴會)．

　　Another famous dish is called zao bing．It’s made with fruit, meat and other things．I really liked it!But I didn’t want to eat too much．It has a lot of fat in it．

　　I smelled something burning and I saw smoke, so I found another special food of the Ilan area－duck meat．The duck meat is put in a big oven(爐子)to cook it．Smoke keeps the meat fresh．I don’t usually eat meat, but this duck meat was delicious!It tasted sweet．

　　Ilan is a great place with delicious food．I hope I can come back again!

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　　Most people work or study from Monday to Friday．The weekend is usually a time of rest．But today’s Chinese teenagers can hardly rest during the weekends．

　　According to a survey, 24％ of the Grade 8 students in Beijing have classes at the weekend．Over 40％ of the middle school students have less than eight hours’ sleep each night because of study．

　　And this doesn’t happen only in Beijing．Ji Chunying is a Grade 9 student in Guangzhou．The 14-year-old girl has to get up at 6∶45am on Saturday．Then she has classes all the day．On Sunday, she goes to extra(額外)classes for math and physics．But Ji doesn’t complain．She says her classmates all work very hard．

　　Zhao Ming, 13, is from Zhanjiang, Guangdong．Zhao’s weekend is less busy．But he still spends Saturday in school．On Sunday, after finishing homework, he plays basketball．“I feel happy because I still have time to do the things I like,”he said．Some students are much luckier．Ding Yi, a Grade 8 student from Laiwu, Shandong, is one of them．During the weekend, Ding usually gets up at 8∶00am．Then she spends some time doing homework．After that she is free to go shopping or watch TV．“My teacher said I don't need to push myself too much．Learning well at school is enough,”Ding said．“I feel pretty lucky．”

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　　If you don’t use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will gradually(逐漸地)become stronger again．Everybody knows this．Yet many people do not seem to know that it is the same with our memory．

　　If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault．But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(責(zé)怪), and few of us know that it is just his own fault．

　　Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they usually have better memories?This is because they can not read or write and they have to remember things; they can not write them down in a little notebook．They must remember dates, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time．

　　So if you want a good memory, learn from these people：practice remembering．

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