如圖所示,在距水平地面高為0.4m處,水平固定一根長直光滑桿,桿上P處固定一定滑輪,滑輪可繞水平軸無摩擦轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),在P點(diǎn)的右邊,桿上套一質(zhì)量m=3kg的滑塊A.半徑R=0.3m的光滑半圓形軌道豎直地固定在地面上,其圓心O在P點(diǎn)的正下方,在軌道上套有一質(zhì)量m=3kg的小球B.用一條不可伸長的柔軟細(xì)繩,通過定滑輪將兩小球連接起來.桿和半圓形軌道在同一豎直面內(nèi),滑塊和小球均可看作質(zhì)點(diǎn),且不計(jì)滑輪大小的影響.現(xiàn)給滑塊A施加一個(gè)水平向右、大小為60N的恒力F,則:                                                                                                                   

(1)求把小球B從地面拉到半圓形軌道頂點(diǎn)C的過程中力F做的功.                                

(2)求小球B運(yùn)動(dòng)到C處時(shí)所受的向心力的大。                                                        

(3)問小球B被拉到離地多高時(shí)滑塊A與小球B的速度大小相等?                                    

                                                           

                                                                                                                                       


(1)對于F的做功過程,由幾何知識有

則力F做的功

所以,W=60×(0.5﹣0.1)=24J.

(2)由于B球到達(dá)C處時(shí),已無沿繩的分速度,所以此時(shí)滑塊A的速度為零,

考察兩球及繩子組成的系統(tǒng)的能量變化過程,由功能關(guān)系,得

代入已知量,得

解得

因?yàn)橄蛐牧綖?img src='http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic1/files/down/test/2015/09/18/16/2015091816273749867741.files/image058.gif'>

所以,代入已知量,得

(3)當(dāng)繩與軌道相切時(shí)兩球速度相等,

由相似三角形知識,得

代入已知量,得

所以,

答:

(1)把小球B從地面拉到半圓形軌道頂點(diǎn)C的過程中力F做的功為24J.

(2)小球B運(yùn)動(dòng)到C處時(shí)所受的向心力的大小是100N.

(3)小球B被拉到離地0.225m高時(shí)滑塊A與小球B的速度大小相等.


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