14.One of the most important recent medical breakthroughs has been the impact of gut flora(腸道菌群)on overall health.This dynamic mix of bacteria in the digestive tract(消化道)may affect everything from obesity to asthma(哮喘).
The Gut-Mood Link
Anyone who's ever experienced"butterflies"in his or her stomach knows that the gut and the brain are connected.But until recently,scientists hadn't realized that the trillions of bacteria in our digestive tract may be driving the relationship.
One recent experiment suggests that you can control calm.Canadian researchers gave healthy mice a mixture of antibiotics,which change the makeup of GI-tract(胃腸道)bacteria.Over two weeks,some animals became more anxious and some less,depending on which drugs they received.
In another study,when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice,the jittery(緊張的)creatures seemed less nervous.
UCLA professor Kirsten Tillisch,doctor of medicine,recently had healthy women eat a yogurt rich in certain types of"good"probiotic(益生菌的)bacteria.Two'Control groups ate yogurt without such bacteria or ate nothing.Brain scans of the probiotic-yogurt eaters indicated changes in regions that could be associated with a less-anxious response in fearful or stressful situations compared with the control groups.
Scientists are even exploring whether gut microbes(微生物)might treat some brain disorders.
A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism(自ICJ癥)given a type of bacteria in healthy human GI tracts exhibited less autism-like behavior.In a recent case report,a Boston ps} chiatrist says a course of certain probiotics and antibiotics helped relieve a patient's compulsive disorder.
-We tend to focus on how your mood affects your body from the top down,not the bottom up,"says Dr.Tillisch."Now we know that the gut affects how your brain responds to the environment-it's a remarkable change in thinking."
How Bacteria Talk to the Brain
Scientists aren't sure how gut flora affect brain chemistry.One theory is that the bacteria access pathways along the nerve,the main highway in the nervous system that links the brain to the gut.
Another is that the bacteria influence the immune system,releasing chemicals that affect conditions like depression.Finally,researchers believe that bacteria produce or affect the metabolism(新陳代'i) of chemicals,which change brain function.
Dr.Tillisch told me that patients always ask which probiotics will lift their mood.Her answer:
"We don't know yet,but we hope to one day."In the future,patients might receive probiotics or transplant(移植) in which bacteria from the gut of a healthy person are transferred to the gut of a sic':one-to prevent or treat mental health issues.But these approaches are years away from primary time.Until then,a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate(培養(yǎng))better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products.Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics,particularly in early childhood,may also establish healthier gut bacteria.

63.According to the passage,gut bacteria might help us in many ways EXCEPTD.
A.lightening our mood 
B.treating autism
C.relieving depression 
D.transplanting gut flora
64.The missing sentence"Everyday foods may also affect the composition of gut bacteria,and in turn,brain chemistry."could be put beforeC•
A.Paragraph 2   B.Paragraph 3   C.Paragraph 4   D.Paragraph 5
65.Which of the following can be the best subtitle for the last paragraph?A
A.Cultivating a Happier Gut B.Growing Bacteria in the Future
C.Balancing Microbes and Diet D.Living a Happy Healthy Life.

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章向我們介紹了腸道菌可以幫助改善我們的情緒,減輕壓力,并且對(duì)我們的健康有益,同時(shí)介紹了應(yīng)該如何培養(yǎng)健康 的腸道菌群.

解答 63.D  細(xì)節(jié)拉筋題:根據(jù)文章的二三四段In another study,when gut bacteria from calm mice were transferred to anxious mice,the jittery(緊張的)creatures seemed less nervous.可知腸道菌群可以改善我們的情緒,減輕壓力;第五段A new study in Cell found that mice with features of autism 可知腸道菌群可以治療自閉癥,而D選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提及,故選D.
64.C  推理判斷題:根據(jù)第三段scientists hadn't realized that the trillions of bacteria in our digestive tract may be driving the relationship.可知接下來(lái)要介紹的是食物和腸道以及大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的關(guān)系,因此這句話應(yīng)該放在第四段之前,故選C.
65.A  段落大意題:根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容:a diet rich in fruit and veggies helps cultivate(培養(yǎng))better-balanced microbes than a typical Western diet high in animal and processed products.可知本段向我們介紹的是應(yīng)該如何培養(yǎng)更健康的腸道菌群,故選A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確選擇.在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

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The body has a natural protective method called the fight-or-flight response(戰(zhàn)或逃反應(yīng)),which was originally described by Walter Cannon,the chairman of Harvard University's physiology department from 1906to 1942.If,in the wild,an animal is faced with a life.threatening situation.the autonomic nerve system responds by increasing heart rate,increasing blood flow to the muscles,and slowing digestion,among other things.All of this increases the chances of succeeding in a fight or running away from an aggressive beast.This process certainly would be of help to ancient humans.However,in the modem world there is obvious decline of the fight-or-flight response.
The autonomic nerve system uses the chemical messenger to send signals to various parts of the body to activate the fight-or-flight response.This chemical is toxic(有毒的1in large amounts;it damages the organs such as the heart,lungs,liver and kidneys.It is believed that almost all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.There is almost no other organ that would fail so fast as to cause sudden death.Kidney failure,liver failure,those things don't kill you suddenly.
By the way,any strong positive or negative emotions such as happiness or sadness can cause the same result.There are people who have died in strong emotions.There was a case of a golfer who hit a hole in one,turned to his partner and said,"I can die now"一and then he dropped dead.For about seven days after the 9-11terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.there was an increase of sudden cardiac death among New Yorkers.

31.Why was the man charged?B
A.Because he was trying to kill an old woman.
B.Because he caused an old woman's terror and she died.
C.Because he beat an old woman and caused her heart attack.
D.Because he murdered an old woman while robbing a bank.
32.The underlined word felony in Para.1most probably meansB.
A.new    B.severe    C.deadly   D.organized
33.Which of the following about the fight-or-flight response is true?C
A.The fight-or-flight response was not raised or proved yet.
B.It is a natural protective method that can only be found in humans.
C.The ancient humans had a better fight-or-flight response than modem ones.
D.The fight-or-flight response is beneficial to both our actions and organs.
34.What activity can we infer is less likely to damage the organs?D
A.Winning a big lottery.    B.Missing a dead family.
C.Watching a horror movie.  D.Listening to a sweet song.
35.The purpose of the passage isD.
A.to explain why people will die of a heart attack
B.to offer some advice on protecting us from heart failure
C.to compare different kinds of feelings to cause a death
D.to show strong emotions can cause a sudden death.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:選擇題

3.Looking back on the three-year life in the mountain village,Thomas _______ it as a milestone in his personal development.( 。
A.valuesB.confirmsC.declaresD.assumes

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:填空題

16.A pupil's diary describing how his mother (61)who/thatwas addicted to her cell phone ignored his efforts to express his gratitude for her on International Women's Day has become a hit.
The third-grade primary school boy wrote the diary on March 8,a day when China holds various (62)activities (activity) to promote respect and love of women.In the diary,he wrote that he first told a story to his mother,but she seemed uninterested and stared into her cell phone(63)devotedly (devote).Sad but not discouraged,he then recited some blessings,yet his mother remained occupied with her handset.(64)Seeing (see) that,he chose to massage(按摩) her back."My mother was still looking at her cell phone,(65)without a sign of a smile on her face,and I felt even(66)sadder (sad),"he wrote in the diary"Heart-broken Women's Day".His mother felt ashamed after reading the diary and(67)made (make) up her mind to spend more quality time with her son.
(68)An interview with students found nearly 70percent say(69)their (they) parents are often absorbed in the phones.Parents are urged to pay close attention to family education because it(70)is (be) they who are the first teachers to influence children.

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