4．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文．文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處．錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改．
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞．
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉．
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．
注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改僅限一詞．
2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分．
A few days ago，I went to the railway station to see my friend away．On the way I saw some street cleaners burning garbages．I know they are trying to get rid of rubbish in a way that they thought was"taking a shortcut"．I don't think，therefore，it's proper to clear away rubbish by such a means．
Burning things do harm to people．It's known to all that burning rubbish will give off poisonous smoke and dust which in turn will pollute air．Many people catch cancer as result of breathing the polluting air．Some people even die from taking in them．
There are many things in rubbish what can be rotten，such as dry leaves，leftover food，etc．They can make into very good fertilizer．So it's better to collect them for cropland．

分析 作者在本文告訴我們燒掉垃圾固然快捷方便，但會(huì)形成有害氣體，給人的健康帶來隱患．此外垃圾中還有很多可以腐化的東西，像樹葉等他們可以形成很好的肥料，對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)耕作是很有利的．

解答 A few days ago，I went to the railway station to see my friend away．On the way I saw some street cleaners burning garbages．I know they are trying to get rid of rubbish in a way that they thought was"taking a shortcut"．I don't think，therefore，it's proper to clear away rubbish by such a means．
Burning things do harm to people．It's known to all that burning rubbish will give off poisonous smoke and dust which in turn will pollute air．Many people catch cancer as∧result of breathing the polluting air．Some people even die from taking in them．There are many things in rubbish what can be rotten，such as dry leaves，leftover food，etc．They can make into very good fertilizer．So it's better to collect them for cropland．
詳解：
1．a(chǎn)way改為off；考查固定短語，see sb off是固定短語，意為"為某人送行"．
2．garbages改為garbage；考查名詞，garbage意為"垃圾"，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式．
3．a(chǎn)re改為were；考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，此處的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)were．
4．therefore改為however；考查連詞，結(jié)合上下文分析，此處句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為"然而我不這樣認(rèn)為"，故用however表示轉(zhuǎn)折．
5．do改為does；考查主謂一致，動(dòng)名詞短語做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；此處陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)．
6．result前面加a；考查冠詞，result 是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，前面加a表示泛指，as a result of是固定短語，意為"由于，作為的結(jié)果"，．
7．polluting改為polluted；考查分詞作定語，air與動(dòng)詞pollute之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式作定語．
8．them改it；考查代詞，此處指代的是polluted air，為不可數(shù)名詞，所以用it．
9．what改為that/which；考查關(guān)系代詞，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞為rubbish，故用關(guān)系代詞that/which作從句的主語．
10．去掉into；考查動(dòng)詞，make本身有"形成"的意思，此處去掉into，意為"他們可以形成很好的肥料"．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)首先要掌握短文的中心思想，然后根據(jù)上下文語境，分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，利用所掌握的詞匯，語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)找出錯(cuò)誤加以改正．

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