Question

The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蟻堆).

????????????? Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn’t have to be imported.

The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通風(fēng)口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.

????????????? During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.

????????????? This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,” Pearce said.

The engineering firm of Ove? Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned building, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.

1.What’s the meaning of “complex” in the second paragraph??

A. Something that is difficult to understand.

B. A group of buildings together in one place.

C. A group of things that are connected.

D. A mental state that is not normal.

2.How is fresh air from outside drawn out?

A. By fans.????????????? ????????????? ?????? B. Via ceiling vents.????????????? ?????????????

C. Through chimneys.????????????? ?? D. Via ceiling vents and through chimneys.

3.What is NOT the factor that makes Eastgate Building work well?

A. Skies without clouds.

B. Little dampness.

C. Daily rapid temperature changes

D. Seasonal rapid temperature changes.

4.In general, how is the daily temperature of the building?

A. It changes in a certain range with some exception.

B. It changes from one extreme to another.

C. It remains the same without any exception.

D. It is hard to endure.

5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners.

B. How air-conditioning works.

C. Fans make Eastgate Building’s temperature comfortable.

D. How Eastgate Building’s temperature control system works.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.A

5.D

【解析】

試題分析：本文講新型的建筑Eastgate,它比傳統(tǒng)的建筑省錢，因?yàn)椴恍枰�裝空調(diào)，它是利用天井和風(fēng)扇把外面新鮮空氣吸到辦公室里面，這樣空氣即新鮮又經(jīng)濟(jì)。

1.B? 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size這個(gè)建筑物，用了傳統(tǒng)建筑物尺寸的10%，全國(guó)最大的商業(yè)購物中心，意思所有的建筑物在同一個(gè)地方，所以選B項(xiàng)。

2.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段提到Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通風(fēng)口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.可知新鮮空氣一個(gè)通過通風(fēng)口，另外當(dāng)它上升變暖，最后通過被煙囪從天花板吸走，所以得知有兩個(gè)途徑，一通風(fēng)口二煙囪，所以選D項(xiàng)。

3.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段提到This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,得知只有一定海拔高度，并且白天的氣溫30度而夜晚氣溫14度的條件才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，而紐約的天氣是近季節(jié)變化而不是天，所以D不是主要因素。

4.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段提到It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, 除了 the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night得知建筑物內(nèi)的溫度保持在23到25度，除10月與11月的雨季之外。所 以選A項(xiàng)。

5.D 主旨大意。本文講新型的建筑Eastgate,它比傳統(tǒng)的建筑省錢，因?yàn)椴恍枰�裝空調(diào)，它是利用天井和風(fēng)扇把外面新鮮空氣吸到辦公室里面，尤其是最后三段講其是如何工作的，所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。

考點(diǎn)? 科普類閱讀。