Don't blame genes for aging facial skin. A new study of twins suggests you can1those coarse(粗糙的) wrinkles, brown or pink spots, and dilated(膨脹的) blood vessels on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight.
Because twins share genes, but may have2exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an, "opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(敏感性)," Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and colleagues3in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.
Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is4more to environment and lifestyle than5factors.
But when it6skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that 7environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.
Baron's team8facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived9in the northern Midwest and Eastern regions of the U.S. who were 10the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002.
At this time, each of the twins also11reported how their skin burned or tanned12sunscreen(防曬霜), their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking.
The study group13of 52 fraternal and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status. Identical(同卵的) twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
From these data, the researchers14strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental15
16contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared correlated with17skin damage.
Baron and colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial18and potentially avoidable19factors -- such as smoking, being overweight, and20overexposure to the sun's damaging rays -- may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      blame
    2. B.
      owe
    3. C.
      take
    4. D.
      bring
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      same
    2. B.
      different
    3. C.
      similar
    4. D.
      common
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      explain
    2. B.
      confirm
    3. C.
      declare
    4. D.
      shout
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      equal
    2. B.
      related
    3. C.
      close
    4. D.
      strict
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      characteristic
    2. B.
      personal
    3. C.
      natural
    4. D.
      genetic
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      comes to
    2. B.
      talks of
    3. C.
      refers to
    4. D.
      gets to
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      all
    2. B.
      neither
    3. C.
      both
    4. D.
      either
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      examined
    2. B.
      checked
    3. C.
      inspected
    4. D.
      interviewed
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      most
    2. B.
      usually
    3. C.
      mostly
    4. D.
      always
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      joining
    2. B.
      representing
    3. C.
      attending
    4. D.
      remarking
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      separately
    2. B.
      lonely
    3. C.
      commonly
    4. D.
      truly
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      with
    2. B.
      on
    3. C.
      in
    4. D.
      without
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      consisted
    2. B.
      made up
    3. C.
      contained
    4. D.
      included
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      documented
    2. B.
      recorded
    3. C.
      reported
    4. D.
      noted
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      damage
    2. B.
      exploration
    3. C.
      protection
    4. D.
      material
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      In
    2. B.
      By
    3. C.
      As
    4. D.
      At
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      lesser
    2. B.
      more
    3. C.
      no
    4. D.
      fewer
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      look
    2. B.
      aging
    3. C.
      expression
    4. D.
      wrinkle
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      environmental
    2. B.
      genetic
    3. C.
      emotional
    4. D.
      psychological
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      protected
    2. B.
      planned
    3. C.
      unprotected
    4. D.
      prevented
ABABD ACACC ADADA BABAC
本文用一項針對雙胞胎開展的最新研究表明,皺紋、紅褐斑以及血管瘤等皮膚問題和長時間日曬、吸煙以及體重超標有關(guān)。完成本完形填空的基本思路是聯(lián)系上下文語言邏輯的同時,要緊密結(jié)合日常生活中的常識。
1. A你可以把皺紋、紅褐斑以及血管瘤等皮膚問題歸因于長時間日曬、吸煙以及體重超標有關(guān)。由此我們得知此空要填上表示:把…..歸因于…..,A項blame和on搭配剛好表示這個意思。B項owe要和介詞to才表示這樣的意思。CD兩項和on搭配分別表示呈現(xiàn)和帶來之意,再說他們兩個只能構(gòu)成take on…….和bring on…….這樣的動詞短語。
2. B由于雙胞胎擁有相同的基因,但可能受到的環(huán)境因素的影響不同,因此研究雙胞胎可以“對基因易感性加以控制”,此空需要填上表示不同的含義的詞,也即是B項,而ACD項所表達的意思:相同,相似,共同之意。
3. A位于美國俄亥俄州克里夫蘭的凱斯西儲醫(yī)學院的艾爾瑪?D?巴倫博士及其同事在最新一期的《皮膚病學檔案》中解釋稱……我們不難看出此處表示解釋之意的動詞,也即是A項explain,而BCD項所表達是證實,宣布,大喊的意思,不符合此處的語言邏輯。
4. B研究人員對65對雙胞胎的皮膚損傷環(huán)境影響因素進行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),環(huán)境和生活方式跟皮膚老化的關(guān)系大于遺傳因素,此處應該填上表示相關(guān)之意的形容詞,也即是B項related。而ACD項依次分別所表達的意思:相等,接近,嚴格,都不符合此處的語言邏輯。
5. D上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應該填上表示基因方面的之意,也就即是D項:genetic(基因的),ABC項依次分別所表示的意思:特征的,個人的,自然的兒都不符合此處的上下文之間語意。
6. A但在皮膚癌的問題上,研究人員稱他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與之前的研究一樣,認為環(huán)境和基因?qū)计つw癌風險均有影響。我們不難看出此處應該填上表示在……的問題上,在…….方面之意的動詞短語,而A項其實固定結(jié)構(gòu)when it comes to……就表示這樣的意思,而BCD項依次分別所表達的意思:說起(其主語通常是某個人),涉及或者參考(其主語通常是某個人),到達(其主語通常是某個人),不符合此處的上下文之間語言邏輯,也不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
7. C由上一題的分析我們?nèi)菀椎贸龃颂帒撎钌媳硎緝烧叨肌獾倪B詞,也即是C項:both,而ABD項依次分別所表達的意思:三者以上都……,兩者都不…..,兩者中的任何一個……
8. A巴倫的研究小組對130個年齡從18歲到77歲的雙胞胎的面部皮膚進行了研究。分析后我們不難看出此處應該填上表示研究之意的動詞,也就是A項examined。而BCD項依次分別所表達的意思是:核對,視察,采訪。
9. C這些雙胞胎大部分居住在美國中西部偏北地區(qū)和東部地區(qū),其中的大部分是副詞用來修飾live。A項most(代詞的時候是大部分的意思)具有很大的迷惑性,但most作副詞時,意思是:很,極其,非常。BD兩項依次分別所表達的意思是通常,一直,和這兒的語言邏輯不契合。
10. C他們于2002年8月參加了在俄亥俄州舉行的“雙胞胎節(jié)”,其中的參加就是C項attending,而ABD項所表達的意思中就數(shù)A項容易讓人上當,但是它表示此意的時候要和介詞in搭配,BD兩項的意思是:描述,陳述。
11. A在這項研究中,每對雙胞胎也分別報告了他們的皮膚在沒有涂防曬霜的情況下曬傷或曬黑的情況、他們的體重、患皮膚癌、吸煙以及喝酒的歷史,經(jīng)過分析我們不難看出此處應該填上表示分別之意的副詞用來修飾reported,也就是A項separately,而不是BCD項依次分別所表達的意思:孤獨地,共同地,真實地。
12. D由上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應該填上表示沒有之意的介詞,也即是D項:without,而不是ABC三項項依次分別所表達的意思:和,在….上,在…..里。
13. A這組研究對象由52對異卵雙胞胎和10對同卵雙胞胎,以及三對不確定自己屬于哪種類型的雙胞胎組成。我們可以確定此處要填上表示由……組成,也即是A項:consisted,B項的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它表示的意思是:……組成了…….,CD項依次分別所表達的意思:包含,包括,好像都行,但是它們都不和of連用。
14. D研究人員通過分析這些數(shù)據(jù)后指出,不論哪種類型的雙胞胎,受到環(huán)境傷害的面部皮膚與吸煙、年齡增長、體重超標有很大關(guān)系。此處應該填上表示指出,發(fā)現(xiàn),或者得到結(jié)論之類的動詞,這四項中只有D項noted(指出指明以強調(diào)結(jié)果),而ABC三項依次分別所表達的意思:用正式的文件記錄,用磁帶等錄制,以新聞的形式報告。
15. A由上一題的分析很容易弄清楚此處應該填上表示傷害的名詞,也即是A項:damage,而BCD項依次分別所表達的探索,保護,材料的意思,都和這兒的語言邏輯不契合。
16. B通過相比得知,使用防曬霜以及喝酒的人皮膚損傷較小。這四個詞中只有B項有通過之意。ACD項依次分別所表達的意思:在……里,作為……,在……地方。
17. A由上一題的分析我們不難看出此處應該填上表示較小的含義的形容詞比較級修飾不可數(shù)名詞damage,也就是A項:lesser。而BCD各個選項依次分別所表達的意思:較多,沒有,很少(修飾可數(shù)名詞)。
18. B巴倫及其同事稱,目前的這項發(fā)現(xiàn)強調(diào)了皮膚老化和可避免的環(huán)境因素之間的關(guān)系,如抽煙、體重超標、無防護措施地過度日曬等,此處應該填上表示老化的名詞,也即是B項:aging,而ACD項依次分別所表達的意思:表情,神情,皺紋。
19. A由上一題的分析我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)此處應該填上表示環(huán)境的之意的形容詞,也就是說是A項:environmental,其余BCD三項依次分別所表達的意思:基因的,情感的,心理的等等都在語言邏輯上不吻合。
20. C由第18題的分析我們能發(fā)現(xiàn)此處應該填上表示無防護措施的意思的單詞,這四個單詞當中就只有C項了,因為ABD三項表示的意思分別是:保護的,計劃的,預防的。
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What the sun will do next is beyond our ability to predict. Most astronomers think that the solar cycle will go on but at low level. However, there is also evidence that the sun is losing its ability to produce sunspots. By 2015, they could be gone altogether.
【小題1】The sun watcher feel surprised at            .

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【小題2】What does the underlined word “crescendo” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
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【小題5】What is the passage mainly about?
A.The earth is in close contact with the sun.
B.Sunspots can cause trouble to our life.
C.Introduction of sunspots.
D.Introduction of the solar storm.

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Hilary Smith belonged to a good family.But by the age of twenty, he had spent all the money the good old family had.He then had some trouble with the bank and was put in prison.He escaped from the prison and ran to Australia without delay.

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She was his father's only sister, but his father used to say she brought no glory to the family.Hilary, of course, tried to discover what she had done.It seemed that she had failed to marry a nobleman.Instead, she had chosen a husband who was connected with "trade".Of course as soon as she became "Mrs Parks" ,her brother considered her dead.Later on, Mr Parks died and left her a lot of money; but that did not bring her back to life in her brother's opinion.

Hilary discovered his aunt's address.Fortunately she remained faithful and honest to him even after she fell ill.So Hilary's star shone again, and soon he moved into her house and lived as comfortably as a sailor who had just reached harbour.He had only about a six pence in his pocket.

One thing was soon clear: his aunt was seriously ill, and nothing could cure her illness.Hilary was very worried.Fate had found a home for him, and was now going to throw him out of it.There was only one thing that could save him: her will.

"Will?" she said, "yes, I have made one.That was when I was a girl and had not much money.I left all my money to some religious people."

"Didn't you make another will when you were married?" Hilary asked.

His aunt shook her head."No," she said in a low voice, "There was no need.When I finally had a lot of money I found I had no relations."

On the next day he went to the public library and examined a book of law.It told him what he already believed.When a woman is married, an earlier will lose its value.A new will must be made.If no new will is made, the money goes to the nearest relation.Hilary knew that he was his aunt's only relation.His future was safe.

After a few months had passed, Hilary's problems became serious.He badly needed money.He had expensive tastes, and owed a lot of money to shopkeepers.They trusted him because his aunt was rich; but the debt was terrible.

Unfortunately his aunt did not want to discuss money matters at all.In the end they had a quarrel about the small amount of ten pounds.Hilary was not very angry.He began to wonder about a new problem.Was it kind to want his aunt to live.a(chǎn)ny longer? Was it not better for her to die now? While he was considering what to do, his aunt told him that she was going to send for her lawyer.So she was going to make a new will, Hilary thought.She might leave all her money to someone else.Soon he reached a clear decision.He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman.

One night when the old servant who had been nursing his aunt went off, he doubled the amount of some medicine.The total amount was too great and it could just put her to sleep forever.

"Thank you," his aunt took the glass from his hand with a grateful look."I want more than anything to sleep, and never to wake up again.Is that what you wish, Hilary? Don't blame me if I have some doubts about what you intended to do.Sick people get these ideas, you know.One thing I ought to explain to you.Mr Parks never married me.He already had a wife and couldn't marry again.That made your foolish father very angry with me...Well, if I am alive tomorrow I shall make another will in your favour.If I die tonight, you'll get nothing...No, Hilary, don't try to take the glass away.If you do that, I shall know and I don't want to know.Goodnight, Hilary."

Then, very carefully, she raised the glass to her mouth and drank.

1.From the story ,we learn that Hilary's aunt was ______.

A.bad-tempered and lonely                 B.kind-hearted and wise

C.careless about money                    D.cruel to her nephew

2.Why did Hilary's father consider his aunt dead?

A.Because they lost contact with each other after her marriage.

B.Because she married a businessman with a wife against his will.

C.Because she broke away from the family for a better life.

D.Because he thought she was a shame to the family

3.The underlined sentence "He must do a great kindness to the poor old woman" in paragraph 11 suggests that Hilary Smith ______.

A.was determined to put his aunt's life to an end

B.decided to do his aunt a favor to call in a lawyer

C.made up his mind to take good care of his aunt

D.would help his aunt to donate all her money to religious people

4.Which of the following is the focus of the story?

A.Hilary's aunt's money.                  B.Hilary Smith's debts.

C.The intended murder.                  D.Hilary's aunt's marriage.

5.According to the law book,_____.

A.Hilary's aunt is not allowed to make a new will.

B.the money will go to Hilary after his aunt dies without a new will.

C.Hilary's aunt must leave the money to the religious people after she dies.

D.Hilary must look after his aunt till her death because he is the only relation.

6.Which detail from the story is the climax(高潮)of the story?

A.Hilary escaped from the prison.

B.Hilary quarelled with is aunt about ten pounds.

C.Hilary's aunt drank the medicine her nephew prepared for her.

D.Hilary's aunt made a will to leave all her money to someone else.

 

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