Question

7．Wouldn't it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away？
Well，you CAN．The forecast is written in clouds．If you can read that writing，you can tell something about the atmosphere．With some practice，you can become a pretty good weather forecaster．Who knows，you might even do as well as meteorologists （氣象學(xué)家）．
Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast．They collect data from all over the world．Then they put it into powerful，high-speed computers．
This does give meteorologists an advantage，because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country．
But you have an advantage，too．You have your brains．You can look at the sky and get your data directly．A meteorologist uses a computer forecast that's several hours old to make a local forecast．
What are you seeing when you look at a cloud？"A picture of what moisture （水氣） is doing in the atmosphere，"says meteorologist Peter Leavit．There's moisture throughout the atmosphere．Most of the time you don't see it，because it's in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor．
    Sometimes，the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water．That's called condensation，and we see it happen all the time，for example，when humid air from the shower hits the cold glass of a mirror．When enough water vapor condenses，droplets form in the air．These droplets scatter light．A cloud is seen．
Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come．Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere．
You should begin to notice patterns．Certain clouds，fol1owing each other in order，can signal an approaching storm．But don't take our word for it； see for yourself．
53．According to the passage，ordinary people can tell the weather becauseD．
A．they can look up at the sky                         
B．they can read weather writings
C．information is stored in computers              
D．clouds signal the weather to come
54．Your advantage in weather forecast is thatC．
A．you can keep weather patterns in mind．
B．you have more powerful computers at home
C．your brain works as well as a high-speed computer
D．meteorologists give their data to you as soon as they get them
55．A cloud is formed whenA．
A．there are droplets in the air                        
B．light is scattered
C．moisture exists in the form of invisible gas  
D．water vapor changes to liquid water
56．This passage mainly tells us about howD．
A．to become a weather forecaster                   
B．to collect data directly
C．to be an assistant to a meteorologist             
D．to keep an eye on the weather．

Answer 1

分析 本文是科技說(shuō)明文，說(shuō)明普通人可以通過(guò)觀察云層預(yù)測(cè)天氣．氣象學(xué)家通過(guò)收集世界各地的數(shù)據(jù)，然后輸入強(qiáng)大的高速的電腦，這是氣象學(xué)家的優(yōu)勢(shì)；作為普通人也有優(yōu)勢(shì)：有大腦，可以觀察云層實(shí)時(shí)獲得數(shù)據(jù)．那么觀察云層能看到什么？（可以看到）關(guān)于大氣層此時(shí)濕度的圖片．整個(gè)大氣層都充滿水汽．大部分時(shí)間你看不到它，因?yàn)樗�是以一種叫做水蒸氣的無(wú)形氣體的形式存在的．有時(shí)，空氣的溫度下降得足夠低，能使水蒸氣變成固態(tài)的水．這一過(guò)程叫凝結(jié)．我們一直都能看到凝結(jié)的發(fā)生（比如，淋浴時(shí)濕氣碰到冷的鏡子而凝結(jié)）．當(dāng)足夠的水蒸氣凝結(jié)之后，小水滴就在空氣中形成了．這些水滴能散射光．我們就可以看見(jiàn)云朵了．  
  觀察云層在一、兩天內(nèi)的變化，比單看一塊云朵能告訴你更多關(guān)于未來(lái)天氣的信息．云層的變化顯示出大氣層的變化．你應(yīng)該從留意天氣變化的模型開(kāi)始．有時(shí)，云彩按一定順序變化，能暗示一場(chǎng)即將到來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨．但是別相信我們的話；自己去觀察吧

解答 53．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章最后倒數(shù)第二句"Certain clouds，fol1owing each other in order，can signal an approaching storm．（一些云按一定順序變化，能暗示一場(chǎng)即將到來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨）"可以判斷云朵能夠預(yù)示即將出現(xiàn)的天氣，故答案選擇D．
54．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第5段中的"But you have an advantage，too．You have your brains．（你也有你的優(yōu)勢(shì)，你有你的大腦）"推斷普通人的優(yōu)勢(shì)是大腦
，氣象學(xué)家的優(yōu)勢(shì)是強(qiáng)大快速的電腦；故推斷大腦能夠像電腦一樣運(yùn)行，所以答案選擇C．
55．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的"These droplets scatter light．A cloud is seen（這些水滴散光，云出現(xiàn)了）．"判斷空氣中有了這些水滴就形成云，故答案選擇A．
56．D．主旨大意題．本文的開(kāi)頭通過(guò)反問(wèn)句告訴了我們通過(guò)抬頭看天空的云來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)天氣．全文最后一段中"You should begin to notice patterns．Certain clouds，fol1owing each other in order，can signal an approaching storm．（關(guān)注一些云的變化模式；有時(shí)，云彩按一定順序變化，能暗示一場(chǎng)即將到來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨）"又再次重申了作者的主要觀點(diǎn)--自己觀察云，關(guān)注天氣．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一篇科技說(shuō)明文．作者通過(guò)解釋云的形成告知讀者可以通過(guò)云來(lái)讀懂天氣．題目中涉及幾條細(xì)節(jié)題，細(xì)節(jié)題一定要在文章中定位細(xì)節(jié)，仔細(xì)理解細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容再做出合理的解答；本題中還涉及一道推斷題．推斷題要根據(jù)文章的主旨和細(xì)節(jié)合理推斷，不能用常識(shí)或自己的觀點(diǎn)代替推測(cè)．