Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day, some new articles come out about a new discovery about this or that. For example, water is bad for you, or good for you. The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out. People cannot decide which food items are healthy, how pyramids were constructed, and why dinosaurs disappeared. When we look for answers we sometimes can believe persuasive researches and scientists. But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (騙局).
As far back as 1726, Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery. The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before. He wrote several papers on them and was famous for those only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being was discovered in 1912, scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. There were hundreds of papers about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax. The skull (頭骨) of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan (猩猩) to make the ape (猿) man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist, do not automatically assume that it is true. Even qualified people can get it wrong. While we certainly should not ignore scientific research, we do need to take it with a grain of salt. Just because it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
【小題1】What does Paragraph 1 want to say?
| A．Researchers and scientists are not perfect. |
| B．Something that we read may not be true. |
| C．Researchers and scientists know everything. |
| D．People don’t know whether water is good or bad. |
| A．His fellow scientists wanted to make fun of him. |
| B．His workmates are eager to become famous too. |
| C．These scientists made a mistake because of carelessness. |
| D．His colleagues envied him and did so to destroy his fame. |
| A．was in fact a complex hoax |
| B．was a great scientific invention |
| C．contributed to the theory of evolution |
| D．had the skull like that of an ape |
| A．Happily. | B．Generally. | C．Doubtfully. | D．Completely. |
| A．Hebrew is probably a kind of language. |
| B．Truths of science will never be out of time. |
| C．People believe scientists because they are persuasive. |
| D．We are advised to believe famous scientists. |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】C
【小題5】A
解析試題分析: 每天報(bào)紙上都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些關(guān)于科學(xué)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的文章，那么這些文章的可信度究竟是多少呢？在文中作者通過(guò)幾個(gè)例子向讀者說(shuō)明：新發(fā)現(xiàn)有時(shí)候只是一種騙局，或者是一種假象，所以我們對(duì)待任何事情都要持有一種懷疑的態(tài)度。
【小題1】B推理判斷題。文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題Can you believe everything that you read?然后列舉生活中的例子，最后揭示中心話題But how trustworthy are they really? Here are two examples of scientific hoaxes (騙局).由此推斷對(duì)于我們每天所讀到的東西不可能都是對(duì)的。故選B。
【小題2】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的末句……only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.可以判斷他被嫉妒他的同事們愚弄了。故選D。
【小題3】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段scientists at this time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.可知當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為the Piltdown man 的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)人類(lèi)的進(jìn)化理論有著很大的貢獻(xiàn)，選C。
【小題4】C詞義猜測(cè)題。從前句的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句While we certainly should not ignore scientific research,可以判斷后面句子和前面內(nèi)容構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是建議人們不要過(guò)分看重科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，由此推斷該短語(yǔ)指對(duì)某件事情或某人說(shuō)的話有所保留，將信將疑，持懷疑態(tài)度，答案選C。
【小題5】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段The fossils of spiders, lizards, and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew可知在這些蜘蛛，鳥(niǎo)的化石上寫(xiě)著God字樣，由此推斷Hebrew是一種語(yǔ)言，選A。
考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)知識(shí)類(lèi)短文閱讀。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Multitasking
What is the first thing you nitice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (實(shí)體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
【小題1】According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
| A．Friendly assistant. | B．Unique scents. |
| C．Soft background music | D．a(chǎn)ttractive window display. |
| A．a(chǎn)show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores |
| B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude |
| C．push stores to use sights and sounds |
| D．introduce the rise of e-commerce |
| A．a(chǎn) platform that exhibts goods |
| B．a(chǎn) spot where travelers like to stay |
| C．a(chǎn) place where customers love to go |
| D．a(chǎn) target that a store expects to meet |
| A．compare and evaluate | B．examine and assess |
| C．a(chǎn)rgue and discuss | D．inform and explain |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Hey there,
So you’re about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your patent’s money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever stop to wonder why you’re going?
Relax. You’re making the right decision. First of all, you’ll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. For example, it’s hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you’ve never painted any pictures; once you’re in a drawing-room on campus, you’ll know one way or the other. College is also a lot of fun—after you graduate, you’ll be working every weekday for 50 years or so. And remember that college graduates earn about twice the income of those who never attended college.
Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way.
* Researching Schools. To us, the most important decision you’ll make is to choose the school that really fits you best—not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms.
* Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com, you’ll find hundreds of actual college applications(申請(qǐng)) and links to many more.
* Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most difficult parts of the admissions(錄取) course. It’s not the most important, though, and not everyone needs to prepare for the best. But, if you think you can do better, find the right course for better scores.
* Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college rather than learning the ways to get financial aid. If you really do your research, you’ll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost.
For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com. Wherever you go, have a nice trip!
Johnson Smith
Founder and CEO
Johnson Review
【小題1】 How many reasons for going to college does the author mention in the text?
| A．2 | B．3 | C．4 | D．5 |
| A．well-equipped | B．competitive |
| C．suitable | D．famous |
| A．To ask the family for help. |
| B．To make a study of financial courses. |
| C．To do research on the price of college. |
| D．To get to know how to ask for financial aid. |
| A．Johnson Review can help you find the right college easier. |
| B．The most important part for college admission is the College Test. |
| C．It is not worth going to college nowadays in America. |
| D．If you want to find a place to spend your holiday, visit JohnsonReview.com. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
In December 2008, Caroline Kennedy — daughter of the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy—sat down, as a frontrunner for the Senate seat in New York, for a televised interview that helped decide the future of her campaign. The result was a disaster.
Her performance wasn’t well received, in part because her speech was full of filler words—“ums,” “ahs” and “you knows.” One listener counted 27 “ums” and 38 “you knows” in the space of five minutes. A few weeks after the interview, Kennedy ended her Senate campaign.
Filler words may seem natural in everyday speech, but they can be deadly in formal presentations. “Using excessive fillers is the most annoying speech habit,” said Susan Ward, a speech specialist. “They take your listener’s attention away often to the point that he doesn’t hear anything you say. Your message is entirely lost.”
Many speakers are afraid of pause. They believe their audience will think they are inarticulate (不善于表達(dá)) if they pause to think of what to say next, so they use filler words to avoid the silence. However, a pause is actually more impressive than a filler word. Listeners know that the speaker is thinking, trying to find the right word. Sometimes a pause can actually improve a speech, as when an actor uses a dramatic pause to hold the attention of his audience. A speaker shouldn’t be afraid to pause occasionally during a speech; it shows self-confidence.
It takes some work to cut out filler words. You can begin by taking a few seconds to think about what you want to say the next time you are asked a question. This pause will help you begin powerfully, and it will help you avoid using a filler word.
The same public speaking technique applies when you are shifting from one idea to another. While you may be tempted to fill the silence between ideas with a filler word, remember to allow yourself to pause and think about what you want to say next.
If you need help overcoming your “um” problem, consider asking a family member or a friend to point out when you use filler words. You also could record an upcoming presentation and then watch yourself in action. You may be amazed at how often you say “um” or “uh”!
Although we live in a fast-paced society that seemingly demands instant answers, we must use the pause to our advantage. Finally, we should only speak when we are ready.
【小題1】In the first two paragraphs of the article the writer intends to ______.
| A．introduce Caroline Kennedy to readers |
| B．illustrate how deadly filler words can be in the public speech |
| C．explain what filler words are |
| D．remind readers that they should count filler words used in public speeches |
| A．they prevent the listener from focusing on what the speaker is saying. |
| B．they convey the speaker’s superiority to the listener. |
| C．they mean the speaker is not articulate at all. |
| D．they make the speaker appear self-confident. |
| A．give the speaker more credibility |
| B．hold the attention of the audience |
| C．show the speaker’s deep insight |
| D．help the audience relax |
| A．To have mental training in order to think faster. |
| B．To ask someone else to point out when you use filler words. |
| C．To watch a recording of your own speech. |
| D．To practice thinking for a moment before answering a question. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。(答案填在答題紙上)
Becoming a fireman is a challenging and competitive job today. A fireman’s main duty is decided by the fighting and extinguishment(熄滅) of fire which definitely requires being a strong man, both mentally and physically.
The duty of a fireman includes protection of life and property of the public. They are the servicemen who are decisively selected by an organization to deal with situations like fire. Such type of jobs is one of those few jobs where service is provided for innocent people when they need help immediately. This may include rescuing people from a building at fire, providing them with medical facilities, extinguishing fire in a house or in a large commercial building. Serving people is the main purpose of these professionals（職業(yè)）. The satisfaction which a fireman gets from this type of job cannot be compared to any other profession in the world.
Such profession requires top-level commitment and professionalism from those who have chosen it as a career. Fireman should have the highest level of courage and patience to put their lives in danger for the sake of others. They undergo lessons of maintaining patience for long hours and go through complete preparation to become successful and well-organized professional firemen. There are certain tests that are recommended before becoming a fireman.
It’s not that easy to become a fireman nowadays. A fireman is supposed to deal with unexpected situations, and they should be skilled at communicating with others and be self-disciplined at the same time.
In order to be a good fireman, one must undergo（經(jīng)歷、接受） strict local fire department’s training program after passing all the tests. All the fire departments conclude a two-to-four-month course, including classroom training and practical training that cover firefighting techniques, fire avoidance, dangerous materials and urgent situation medical actions. Completing this training, trainees go through the department’s trial period of service that can last from three to six months, depending on the methods of selection.
Firemen usually work both indoors and outdoors. They have to be on duty at all times and mostly work in shifts of at least 8 hours. They are also provided with several benefits which include medical aid plan, pension fund, annual leave and many more.
Title: Fireman
| Definition | The servicemen decisively selected by an organization to (【小題1】)_______ situations like fire. |
| (【小題2】) | ● Helping innocent people (【小題3】) they need help. ● Rescuing people from a building at-fire and providing them with medical facilities. ● (【小題4】) out fire in a house or in a large commercial building. |
| Requirements | ● Having top-level commitment and professionalism. ● Being courageous and (【小題5】) . ● Being strong both in body and (【小題6】) _________. ● Having good (【小題7】) skills. ● Being self-disciplined. |
| (【小題8】) | ● Firefighting techniques, fire avoidance, dangerous materials and urgent situation medical actions. ● The department’s trial period of service which possibly (【小題9】)_________ 3～6 months. |
| (【小題10】) | Medical aid plans, pension fund, annual leave and many more. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
We all know what it is like to be unable to turn your head because of a cold in the muscles of your neck, or because an unexpected twist has made your neck ache. The slightest move makes you jump with pain. Nothing could be worse than a pain in the neck.
That is why we use the phrase to describe some people who give you the same feeling. We have all met such people.
One is the man who always seems to be clapping his hands—often at the wrong time—during a performance in the theater. He keeps you from hearing the actors.
Even worse are those who can never arrive before the curtain goes up and the play begins. They come hurrying down to your row of seats. You are comfortably settled down, with your hat and heavy coat in your lap. You must stand up to let them pass. You are proud of yourself-control after they have settled into their seats…Well, what now…God, one of them is up again. He forgot to go to the men’s room, and once more you have to stand up, hanging on to your hat and coat to let him pass. Now, that is “a pain in the neck”.
Another, well—known to us all, is the person sitting behind you in the movies. His mouth is full of popcorn ; he is chewing loudly, or talking between bites to friends next to him. None of them remain still. Up and down, back and forth, they go—for another bag of popcorn, or something to drink.
Then, there is the man sitting next to you at lunch, smoking. He wants you to enjoy it too, and blows smoke across your food into your mouth.
We must not forget the man who comes into a bus or subway and sits down next to you, just as close as you will let him. You are reading the newspaper and he gets closer so that he can read the paper with you. He may even turn the paper to the next page before you are ready for it.
We also call such a person a “rubber neck”, always getting close to where it does not belong, like neighbors who watch all your visitors. They enjoy learning about your personal business. People have a strong dislike for “rubber necks”. They hate being watched secretly.
【小題1】Where can you find this passage?
| A．In a medicine dictionary. | B． in a kids’ story book. |
| C．In a social science book. | D．In a science textbook. |
| A．disturbed. | B．bored. | C．ignored. | D．relaxed. |
| A．says bad words behind people. |
| B．quarrels face to face with neighbors. |
| C．bargains with salespeople over the price |
| D．a(chǎn)sks about other people’s business |
| A．Someone who often claps at the wrong time during a performance. |
| B．Someone who feels ache in his neck due to a cold in the muscles. |
| C．Someone who sits next to you smoking, which you never enjoy. |
| D．Someone who keeps eating or talking all through the movies. |
| A．To tell people what might be bad manners in public. |
| B．To criticize (批評(píng)) the people who might be a “pain in the neck” |
| C．To show anger to those who are described as a “pain in the neck”. |
| D．To tell people how to stop the pain in the neck. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Former Irish President Mary Robinson was just making a polite conversation with an Ethiopian (埃塞俄比亞的) teenager about her wedding day. The 16yearold had already been married for a year. “She looked at me with the saddest eyes and said, ‘I had to drop out of school’，” Robinson said in a telephone interview. “That conveyed to me the reality，” said Robinson, the first woman to serve as Ireland's president and former U．N. high commissioner for human fights. “Her life, as far as she is concerned, had more or less ended.”
Robinson said keeping girls in school was one of the most important things policymakers could do to address the coming challenges of an ever-increasing population, predicted by the United Nations to reach 7 billion soon. “European countries are concerned about aging populations as is Japan, but this is much less of an issue than the huge number of people which we are going to see over the next 40 years when the population goes from 7 billion to 9 billion，” she said. “Almost all of that increase will be in poor developing countries, so that we have a very big challenge.”
Family planning experts worry in particular about the future population explosion in subSaharan Africa. In May, the United Nations projected the world population would reach 9.3billion in 2050 and 10.1 billion by 2100. Much of that growth will come from Africa, where the population is growing at 2.3 percent a year—more than double Asia's 1 percent growth rate. If that rate stays consistent, which is not certain, Africa's population will reach 3.6 billion by 2100 from the present 1 billion.
Joel Cohen, a professor of population studies at Rockefeller University and Columbia University in New York, said universal secondary education offered a way to reduce population in high birthrate regions. In addition to providing information about birth control, a secondary education teaches women to reduce their own fertility (生育力), improve the health of their children and allows them to move from a mindset of having many children, in the hopes that some will survive to improving the quality of each child's life, Cohen wrote in the journal Nature.
【小題1】In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.
| A．explaining the author's opinions |
| B．giving an example |
| C．describing the poor education system |
| D．coming straight to the topic |
| A．Robinson is happy after talking to the Ethiopian girl. |
| B．Robinson is a successful expert in population studies. |
| C．Robinson is worried about population growth. |
| D．Robinson encourages female education. |
| A．It provides basic knowledge of health. |
| B．It improves the health of children. |
| C．It makes people pay more attention to education. |
| D．It can change people's parenting ideas. |
| A．Keeping girls in school. |
| B．Letting girls go away from Africa. |
| C．Letting young girls remain single. |
| D．Keeping girls in families. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent(永恒的) tooth grow in its place.
But if a permanent tooth falls out, that’s a problem. There isn’t another one under the gum(齒齦) that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out or need to be pulled, an older person might need dentures(假牙).
Dentures, known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing. There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures, which replace every tooth in the mouth.
Dentures can cause pains at first and take little time to get adjusted to. They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked(浸泡) in denture solution when not in the mouth.
Dentures are important for the old because, without teeth, it’s hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little weird if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won’t have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings.
People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease(牙周炎), or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attacks the gums. Diseased gums aren’t strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities(洞) that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth problems.
【小題1】If one of your baby teeth falls out, you .
| A．should have a false tooth fixed in its place |
| B．have to put it under your pillow at once |
| C．will gain a permanent tooth in future |
| D．can exchange it for some money |
| A．should brush them with a special denture brush every few days |
| B．will take a very long time to adjust himself or herself to them |
| C．will experience unpleasant feelings at the beginning of fixing them |
| D．should use denture solution to soak them in his or her mouth |
| A．inconvenient | B．excited | C．uncomfortable | D．impolite |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Autumn blues? Let the sunshine in falling leaves, flowers, and cold winds. For many people late autumn can be a season of depression.
Those who suffer from “the autumn blue” are often extremely tired, lack energy, need more sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight. “The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder（SAD）, is not known yet,” says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. “But recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the availability（得到）of sunlight.”
One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock. Another theory is that brain chemicals that transmit information between nerves, called neurotransmitters （for example, serotonin）, may be altered in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances. “It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy. Remember, spring always lives in your heart ,” Chen says. “Going outdoors to get some sunlight may reduce the tension that brings you the low spirits. Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation. Color treatment also works in handling low mood. Music also plays a role in treating autumn blues.”
【小題1】Autumn blues is also called autumn _______.
| A．depression | B．sunshine | C．blue music | D．cold winds |
| A．is no biological clock | B．is a real example |
| C．is no possibility | D．a(chǎn)re some ways |
| A．Autumn blues can be feelings of happiness. |
| B．The real cause for autumn blues is still unknown. |
| C．People feel tired in autumn. |
| D．Weather doesn’t change people. |
| A．Eat more food very low in calories and sugar. |
| B．Reset the biological clock regulating mood, sleep and hormones. |
| C．Keep the balance of nerves that transmit information. |
| D．Take outdoor activities or sports. |
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