Question

【題目】Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.

Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information that governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.

Today many governments have special departments that protect customers and workers. In the U.S., for example, there is a department that tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars that we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A. Conditions in the work place.

B. The freedom of industries in the past.

C. Changes in industrial production.

D. The safety and health of workers and customers.

【2】According to the passage, we can get the conclusion that in the past __________.

A. workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions

B. companies were free to put out any products they wanted to

C. many people were killed by dangerous products

D. industries were as careful in management as they are today

【3】It is implied in the passage that ____________.

A. governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products

B. governments paid little attention to the safety of products.

C. government officials often did not listen to scientists

D. in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments

【4】The special departments protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT by ____.

A. testing new products

B. designing new products

C. controlling the sale of products

D. inspecting work places

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】D

【4】B

【解析】

試題分析:本文是一篇說明文，文中首先指出在過去，工人在工作中、顧客使用新產(chǎn)品時的安全與健康得不到保障，導致一些災難的發(fā)生。這致使政府采取相關政策，以保障人們的安全與健康。

【1】D主旨大意題。全文通過對比過去與現(xiàn)在，說明了全文的主題是：工人與顧客的安全與健康。在過去，工人在工作中、顧客使用新產(chǎn)品時的安全與健康得不到保障，導致一些災難的發(fā)生。這致使政府采取相關政策，以保障人們的安全與健康。故選D。

【2】A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers可推斷過去工人常常因工作環(huán)境的惡劣而生病，故選A。

【3】D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)二段however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.可推斷政府過去并未引進相關的安全措施，故選D。

【4】B 細節(jié)理解題。分析最后一段可知，舉例提到了測驗新產(chǎn)品、控制新產(chǎn)品的銷售及監(jiān)控工作場所等，B項內(nèi)容不符合文意，故選B。