Question

【題目】 The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature. The Academy cancelled the prize last year after many members fled the organization following sexual abuse accusations linked to it.

The Academy said it awarded Tokarczuk for imaginative writing that “represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.”

The Polish writer’s first published work came in 1989, a book of poetry called Cities in Mirrors. Her first novel, The Journey of the Book-People, was published in 1993. Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights. Her novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead, was on the short list of nominees for the 2019 prize as well. That prize went to another writer. Tokarczuk spoke Thursday with readers hours after she won the Nobel. “I can only write.” She said.

The Swedish Academy said it named Peter Handke winner of the 2018 prize for “influential work that with linguistic gift has explored the boundary and the specificity of human experience.” Handke’s first novel was published in 1966. He also writes plays and is a political organizer. The Austrian writer was an opponent(反對(duì)者) of NATO’s air attacks against Serbia in the Kosovo war of thelate1990s.He was a supporter of the Serbian government under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic. He has denied that Bosnian Serb troops carried out a campaign killing of 8, 000 locals in Srebrenica during the Bosnian war in the 1990s. As a result, some critics are angry that he was given the Nobel Prize.

At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.” He said the recognition gave him “a strange kind of freedom.”

【1】Which of Tokarczuk’s works won Britain’s Man Booker Prize?

A.Cities in Mirrors.B.Flights.

C.The Journey of the Book-PeopleD.Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.

【2】What does the underlined word “nominees” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.A candidate to be selected to an office.B.A candidate seeking a kind of position.

C.A candidate chosen by a political party.D.A candidate being considered for an honor.

【3】How does Peter Handke find the Nobel committee?

A.Fearless.B.Awesome.C.Strange.D.Embarrassed.

【4】What’s the best title of the text?

A.Peter Handke from Austria Win 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature.

B.Olga Tokarczuk from Poland Win 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

C.Writers from Austria and Poland Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

D.Writers from Poland and Austria Win 2018, 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。瑞典學(xué)院宣布波蘭作家Olga Tokarczuk為2019年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。它還宣布授予奧地利人Peter Handke 2018年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。去年，瑞典文學(xué)院取消了該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的頒獎(jiǎng)，起因是許多成員卷入該院的性虐待指控后退出了該組織。短文介紹了這兩位諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Last year, Tokarczuk became the first Polish writer to win Britain’s Man Booker Prize for International Literature for her novel Flights.可知去年，Tokarczuk憑借小說(shuō)《航班》(Flights)成為首位獲得英國(guó)布克國(guó)際文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的波蘭作家。由此可知，Tokarczuk憑借《航班》(Flights)獲得了英國(guó)的布克獎(jiǎng)。故選B。

【2】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文That prize went to another writer.可知最終獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吡碛衅淙�。那么她的小說(shuō)Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead只是人圍了該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)2019 年度的人圍名單。故可知?jiǎng)澗�單詞意思為“被考慮授予榮譽(yù)的候選人”。故選D。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中At home in Paris Thursday, Handke called the decision to give him the literature award “courageous.”可知周四，Handke在巴黎的家中表示將諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予他行為是“勇敢的”。由此可知，Peter Handke認(rèn)為諾貝爾委員會(huì)是無(wú)畏的。故選A。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中The Swedish Academy has named Polish writer Olga Tokarczuk winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature. It also announced that it was honoring Austrian Peter Handke with the 2018 Nobel Prize for Literature.可知瑞典學(xué)院宣布波蘭作家Olga Tokarczuk為2019年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。它還宣布授予奧地利人Peter Handke 2018年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。結(jié)合本文主要介紹了獲得2018年、2019年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的兩位文學(xué)家。故C選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自?shī)W地利和波蘭的作家贏得了2018年和2019年的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

詞義猜測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中常考題型之一，可以大致分為

① 定義猜詞，可以根據(jù)定義信息和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。

② 邏輯猜詞可以根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等猜測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。

③ 語(yǔ)法猜詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。

④ 語(yǔ)境猜詞，猜測(cè)詞義離不開(kāi)上下文的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)上下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要注意指代詞的位置，以便于判斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一致，最后比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。

如第二小題，根據(jù)后文That prize went to another writer.可知最終獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吡碛衅淙恕Ｄ敲此�的小說(shuō)Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead只是人圍了該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)2019 年度的人圍名單。故可知?jiǎng)澗�單詞意思為“被考慮授予榮譽(yù)的候選人”。故選D。