4.Americans are more socially isolated (孤立) than they were 20years ago,separated by work,commuting and the single life,researchers reported.Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they had"zero"close friends with whom to discuss personal matters,while more than 50percent named two or fewer  confidants,most often immediate family members.'This is a big social change,and it indicates something that's not good for our society,"said Duke University Professor Lynn Smith Lovin,lead author on the study.Smith Lovin's group used data from a national survey of 1,500American adults that has been ongoing since 1972.She said it indicated people had a surprising drop in the number of close friends since 1985.At that time,Americans most commonly said they had three close friends whom they had known for a long time,saw often,and with whom they shared a number of interests.They were almost as likely to name four or five friends,and the relationships often developed from their neighborhoods or communities.Ties to a close network of friends create a social safety net that is good for society,and for the individual.Research has linked social support and civil participation to a longer life.Smith Lovin said.People were not asked why they had fewer close ties,but Smith Levin said that part of the cause could be that Americans are working more,marrying later,having fewer children,and commuting longer distances.It's one thing to know someone and exchange e-mails with them.It's another thing to say,"Will you give me a ride out of town with all of my possessions and pets?And can I stay with you for a couple or three months?"Smith Lovin said.

67.What's the main idea of the passage?C
A.Americans have more close friends than ever.
B.Close friends are very important in Americans'life.
C.Americans'circle of close friends is becoming smaller.
D.Americans love making friends with their neighbors.
68.The underlined word"confidants"can be replaced most probably byB_.
A.familiar people     B.close friends
C.personal matters    D.family members
69.According to Professor Llynn Smith Lovin,D.
A.50per cent of Americans have no close friends
B.Americans develop friendship from communities
C.Americans used to exchange emails with friends
D.a(chǎn) social safety net is good for the individual
70.What's the researchers'attitude towards Americans'present situation in this passage?C
A.Happy.       B.Excited.      C.Worried.     D.Surprised.

分析 本文是一篇論述美國人社交孤立的議論文.通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與20年前相比,現(xiàn)在的美國人擁有的親密朋友數(shù)量更少,范圍更窄,僅限于直系親屬.文章分析造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因,以及引發(fā)的結(jié)果,論述了這種社交孤立還會不利于社會的穩(wěn)定,同時還提出解決這一問題的建議.即哈佛教授Robert Putnam提出可以通過安排靈活的工作日程表來改善社交孤立的情況.

解答 CBDC
67C主旨大議題.根據(jù)"Americans are more socially isolated than they were 20 years ago,and nearly a quarter of people said they had"zero"close friends with whom to discuss personal matters."以及以后的論述都是圍繞社交孤立這一話題.可知美國親密朋友的數(shù)量更少了,故答案為C.
68B猜測詞義題.根據(jù)第Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they had"zero"close friends with whom to discuss personal matters,可知有接近四分之一的被調(diào)查人說他們沒有親密朋友可以聊個人問題,接著又對比50%的人的觀點(diǎn),故選B.
69D細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Ties to a close network of friends create a social safety net that is good for society,and for the individual.可知朋友用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行聯(lián)系對于社會和個人安全是有好處的故選D,A不符合文意,文中說美國人的關(guān)系是在社區(qū)中形成的而不是友誼,因此B是錯的,美國人現(xiàn)在交換郵件,而不是過去,因此C是錯的.
70C細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章but Smith Levin said that part of the cause could be that Americans are working more,marrying later,having fewer children,and commuting longer distances.可知現(xiàn)在美國人社交越來越孤立,導(dǎo)致研究者對這種狀況非常著急,故選C.

點(diǎn)評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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