It’s not just adults who have a thing or two to discuss with other people, babies too have their own social lives and enjoy group interaction, according to a world-first study.
The breakthrough study conducted by psychologist Professor Ben Bradley, at Charles Sturt University, could completely transform the way child-care centres are set up. In their study, the researchers examined groups of nine-month-old babies in new South Wales and Britain.
And they came across astounding (令人吃驚的) results – it was found that infants had “social brains” and focused not just on their mothers but on social life in groups as well.
“They communicate with more than one baby at once, and show jealousy and generousness,” said Professor Bradley.
He added, “They develop their own meanings through group interaction, they notice if a group member is behaving differently and they take on roles, such as leaders and followers.”
“A baby who has a depressed mother tends to be withdrawn (內向的), but put that same baby in a group of its peers (同齡人)and they behave and interact like any other baby.”
It was the first all-baby group study ever to be conducted. “Most studies of babies concentrate on the infant-mother relationship, assuming that is the single foundation for mental health, but babies are constantly involved with groups of people other than their mothers: fathers, siblings, grandparents and those taking care. Therefore, the ‘mother-baby approach’ needs to be combined with a ‘group approach’,” said Bradley.
Phoebe Christison, a child-care worker at Camperdown Sunshine Bubs in Sydney’s inner west, said she often noticed what appeared to be emotional attachments developed between toddlers.
She said, “Joel (10 months) and Isabella (11 months) always like to hold hands when they sit in their high chairs and eat. And babies definitely show jealousy. They push and touch each other, and copy what the other is doing.”
46. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?
A. It’s the first study to look at all-baby groups.
B. It divides babies according to their personalities.
C. Its aim is to change the way of child care.
D. Its results are unbelievable.
47. A baby who has a depressed mother _________.
A. tends to be a follower                       B. also enjoys group interaction
C. has poor social ability                       D. pays more attention to its mother
48. What can be inferred from the result of this study?
A. Babies are affected by groups more than by their mothers.
B. There’s no need of child-care centers at all.
C. Adults should include babies when having social activities.
D. The normal infant-mother bond alone isn’t enough for the good mental health for babies.
49. The underlined word “toddlers” in Para. 8 can be replaced by “_________”.
A. adults    B. infants     C. peers     D. groups
50. The example given in the last paragraph proves that a baby ________.
A. is born to be friendly to other babies
B. has interest in peers as well as in its mother
C. may have emotional attachments to another baby
D. shows jealousy and generousness as an adult
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。將正確選項答案涂在答題紙上。
I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.I wanted very much to get a new suit and throw off my old    36   .But … I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.I went in    37    asked if they had a cheap    38   .The fellow I spoke to    39    no answer at first,looked me up and down,noticed that I was almost in rags,   40    said, “just a minute.”
I waited till he    41   his work.Then he took me into a dark back room.He looked through the suits and    42   the cheapest one for me.I put it on.It didn’t fit,   43    it was new and I was anxious to have it,so I said:
“Could you wait a few days for the money?I haven’t any small change on me.”
The fellow looked at me    44    and said, “Oh,you haven’t?Well,of couse,I know that gentlement like you carry only    45    notes.”
I was    46    and said, “My friend,you shouldn’t judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears.I’m quite   47     to pay for this suit.But I’m afraid you can’t change the note.”
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I handed the note to him and said: “Oh,very well,I apologize.”
He    49    it with a smile,and then as he looked at the note,his smile froze.   50    the note in his hand,he stood there,unable to talk or move.
36.A.way         B.friend            C.watch       D.clothes
37. A.and         B.but              C.so         D.when
38. A.cloth        B.clothing          C.suit        D.suits
39. A.make        B.makes           C.making       D.made
40. A.have finished  B.had finished       C.will finish   D.is finishing
41. A.have finished   B.had finished       C.will finish   D.is finishing
42. A.choose        B.pick             C.find       D.selected
43. A.so           B.or              C.but         D.and
44. A.warmly        B.hardly          C.coldly       D.kindly
45. A.large         B.small           C.some       D.strange
46. A.mad         B.sorry            C.hurt       D.welcome
47. A.anxious        B.able            C.tired       D.worried
48. A.To           B.For            C.In          D.On
49. A.receiving      B.to receive       C.received       D.will receive
50. A.Holding        B.To hold        C.Held       D.To be held

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（20分）
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Only a few years ago, many coaches   41   players from drinking anything during the game----they thought it was   42   for them to rinse(漱口) their mouths,   43  swallowing anything might slow them down.
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37. A. thirsty                       B. hungry                     C. hot                          D. tired
38. A. labour                       B. children                   C. water                       D. exercise
39. A. else                          B. instead                           C. fresh                        D. tasteful
40. A. seasons                     B. lessons                     C. days                         D. activities
41. A. excused                           B. discouraged                    C. prevented                 D. saved
42. A. possible                           B. unnecessary              C. difficult                   D. right
43. A. but                                  B. then                         C. therefore                  D. though
44. A. seldom                     B. forever                     C. usually                     D. sometimes
45. A. allows                      B. promises                  C. forbids                     D. guides
46. A. couldn’t                           B. wouldn’t                  C. shouldn’t                  D. mustn’t
47. A. teachers                           B. parents                     C. players                     D. doctors
48. A. stop                           B. start                         C. give up                    D. begin with
49. A. after                          B. before                     C. with                         D. from
50. A. walking                           B. breathing                  C. swallowing              D. drinking
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“Of course you can say that,” I thought to myself. “You get fifteen thousand dollars for a lecture.”
Then I caught my thought process, and pondered(仔細考慮)more deeply on his statement. Is he satisfied because he has a lot of money, or does he have a lot of money because he chooses to be satisfied?
I know people with more money than this man, and they still don’t have enough. And I know people with very little money, and they always have enough. So is enoughness something that happens to us when we reach a certain level, or is it an experience we can choose and celebrate at any time?
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A．was living a happy lifeB．was careless about his money
C．was satisfied with his lifeD．was rich enough to live a happy life
小題2:We learn from the underlined part that ____________.
A．it’s money that is of importanceB．it’s not money but the attitude that matters
C．we don’t have to have much moneyD．we won’t have enough money in life
小題3:What does the author think of Adrian and Carey’s life?
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C．They live a very hard life.D．They live a very happy life.
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A．not enough or too muchB．lack or too much
C．lack or contentmentD．just right or enough
小題5:Which of the following best suits the passage?
A．Nothing is better than a contented mind.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
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完形填空（共20小題，每題1分，滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
I got lots of interesting experiences in a free school. At first I couldn’t believe it. There were no    41    in rows or loud-sounding bells, nor did anyone have to go to    42   . Although we lived “in”,    43   made us go to bed at a certain time; there was no “ lights out”.
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57_    I think I am a      58    person for having gone to the school. I can read and write as well as anyone else of my age, and I think better. That’s probably a real big      ___59     between the free school and the regular school--- the amount of   60   .
41.A.desks           B. lights         C. books            D. windows
42.A. home           B. bed           C. class             D. work
43.A. teachers         B. parents        C. nobody           D. somebody
44.A. sad             B. last          C. good             D. strange
45.A. attended         B. took          C. missed           D. studied
46.A. from then on     B. at first         C. once more        D. just then
47.A. workers         B. pupils         C. gardeners         D. grown- ups
48.A. play            B. say           C. study             D. understand
49.A. hear from        B. feel like       C. think about        D. know of
50.A. night           B. regular        C. small            D. real
51.A. all             B. short        C. no               D. indoor
52.A.wild            B. successful     C. interested        D. particular
53.A. as well         B. after a while  C. of course         D. as a result
54.A. funny          B. great         C. convenient        D. terrible
55.A. math          B. angle        C. botany           D. gardens
56.A. uninteresting    B. interesting     C. enough          D. dangerous
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58.A. careful         B. better         C. busier            D. lovely
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The first thing my host father “warmed” me was that almost everyone in America was a big hugger.
I didn’t understand what he meant until my first party. Whether they were friends or strangers, teenagers or elders, girls or guys, everyone I met gave me a big hug.
However, as time went on, I began to understand America’s hugging culture. When a friend broke up with me, I was sad. When I told my best American friend about it, she said nothing but put her arms around me. Then warmth of the hug was a greater comfort than anything she could have said to me.
One winter day I was walking along the street, shivering（顫抖）. It was then I saw two women, each holding a paper board, on which there were two words：FREE HUGS. Their were red because of the freezing weather and they were jumping up and down to keep themselves warm. “Hi, girl! Do you want a hug?” One of them asked me. I went up and opened my arms. The hug was short but warm and it took some of the coldness of the day away.
After that I became a big hugger myself. One time my host father and I were traveling to another town. When we reached a restaurant where my friend Cindy worked, he stopped the car.
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A hug is a way to communicate love and care. Do you want a hug? My arms are wide open.
56．The point of the first three paragraphs is to explain      .
A．how body language is more important than actual words
B．why hugging is so important in American culture
C．how expressing, feelings can be difficult for Chinese
D．how the author’s attitude toward hugging culture changed
57．We can infer from the passage that the host father      .
A．seldom has has time to spend with the author
B．often shares his experience with the author
C．warns the author of the possible danger
D．teachers the author to show her care for her friends
58．According the passage, a hug can make us feel
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)）
第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets．
Not long ago．My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change．Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere．
We decided to try an experiment．For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2．We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet．The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars．That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses．But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth．In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the meltingof the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica．“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said．
Good advice, I thought．I’d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind．We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock．I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened．We should not let this happen again．It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary．
41．Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
A．To take special kinds of food B．To respond to climate change．
C．To lose weight      D．To improve their health
42．The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to          .
A．freezing points         B．burning points      
C．melting points           D．boiling points
43．It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time
B．it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2
C．the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month
D．the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show "Sight Unseen", at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29, includes everything: underwater scenes, landscapes, abstracts and everything else you might expect from a "sighted" photographer．
How do the blind take their photographs? Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （鏡頭） , and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists," says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．" One participating photographer is Pete Eckert, an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快門） on his camera and then uses flashlights, lights, and candies to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago, Weston, lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
What do gallery-goers say? "I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different," says John Hesketh, a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
Beyond the praise, however, the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk, one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability, you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way, it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"
63．From the passage we know that some blind people take photos by______
A．describing the things to their assistants
B．holding the camera and shooting randomly
C．opening the shutter with the help of others
D．using special equipment designed for them
64．We can learn from the passage that blind photographers ______
A．were not born blind               B．do jobs related to art
C．focus on different subjects           D．like photos of destruction
65．What is people's reaction to the blind photography show?
A．They admire the blind photographers' hard work．
B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers．
C．They think some have good techniques while others not．
D．They can understand the real meaning of each photograph．
66．The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact that ______．
A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show
B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about
C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works
D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第二部分閱讀理解:（共兩節(jié), 滿分50分）
Ⅲ. 第一節(jié)（共20小題; 每小題2分, 滿分40分）閱讀下列短文, 從每題后面所給的選項
（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。
A
We may encounter various setbacks (挫折) in our life and these setbacks  may never repeat themselves. They appear differently in different periods of life.
Students may have problems in learning, for example, the goal and motivation of learning, the method and attitude of study, and their school performances as well. If they fail to deal with these matters properly, they may have problems in study and even develop psychological problems.
Job-hunting, career choosing, capability and unemployment are matters often leading to
psychological problems of the contemporaries (當代人). How to choose a career, how to make a plan for life and how to keep competence in position and for promotion, etc., these are all factors to bring us worries and anxieties.
Interpersonal relationship leads to one of the major psychological setbacks of the human being. The symptoms show that it is hard to get along with others, lacking necessary skills to communicate with others. These may lead to sad feelings of loneliness, bitterness, short of concerns and cares.
The old often suffer from supersession of the old by the new, stepping down from leading positions, retirement, being isolated and helpless. How to look at these rules of law in life, get used to the change, handle domestic emptiness when children grow up and the bitterness facing death of the beloved, all these have to be dealt with properly, to avoid the development of depression and disease.
Now, it comes to the key — how to handle them. 
Keeping a good mood:
Do not make your ambitions too high and never seek for perfection when doing things.
Do not expect too much from others. Otherwise, you will be disappointed if she/he fails to meet your expectation.
When angry, you’d better calm yourself so as to avoid doing something stupid.
Be tolerating and forgiving. Toleration and forgiveness can either smooth your own mood or benefit interpersonal relationship.
When you encounter setbacks you’d better leave it alone and begin to do something you like, for example, go to the theater or take exercise, etc.
You may ease yourself by telling your unhappiness to your good friends, parents, teachers or even making a telephone call to psychological hotlines.
Do something good for others. In this way, you will not only forget your worries but also find your own value and at the same time make friends with others.
To evaluate your ability and role properly, thus you will not develop unnecessary psychological pressure on yourself.
41. The writer is mainly trying to tell us _______.
A. who knows about setbacks           B. how to deal with setbacks 
C. when we have setbacks               D. what causes various setbacks
42. Setbacks may result from the following EXCEPT _______.
A. learning problems at school            B. weak competence in career
C. poor skills in communication         D. the rules of law in life
43. Guess the right meaning of the underlined word “supersession”.
A. depression                                 B. replacement
C. loneliness                                  D. emptiness
44. From the “key” given by the writer, we can infer that _______.
A. anger can be turned into useful power
B. those without ambitions are the happiest
C. psychological problems can be solved by yourself
D. doing something good for others adds to your worries

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