Question

7．At first，the earth's surface layer （層） was made up of huge blocks of hard，solid rocks．Then slowly，the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces．Finally stones，pebbles （卵石） and grains of sand were formed．Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth．Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．The outmost layer of the earth is soil．
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones．Wind，water，heat and cold help to break up rocks．When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time，the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away．These leave holes and cracks in the rock，which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces．
The moving water of streams and rivers also helps to break up rocks．As the water moves along，it carries with it small pieces of rock．These rub the larger ones．Thus，the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces．
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks．When the sun shines，the rocks become very hot．If these rocks are suddenly cooled，they may crack．Ice also plays a part in making soil．Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather．As this happens，it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider，and finally break into smaller pieces．
61．According to the passage，soilA．
A．forms very slowly              
B．is a mixture of stones，pebbles and sand
C．makes up the layers of the earth     
D．is becoming smaller and smaller
62．How many factors are mentioned in helping break up rocks？B
A．Three．B．Four．C．Five．D．More than five．
63．Which of the following speeds up（加速） the breaks of rocks most？C
A．Hot weather．
B．Cold water．
C．Sharp changes in temperature．
D．More dead plants in the cracks．
64．Which of the following is NOT true？B
A．The remains of many plants and animals formed soil．
B．If a large rock never moves，it will never break up．
C．Even if a large rock never moves，it will break up．
D．Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks．
65．The best title for this passage should beA．
A．Soil From Rocks              
B．Ways to Break up Rocks
C．Soil on the Earth              
D．Soil，Outmost Layer of the Earth．

Answer 1

分析 文章主要講述大塊巖石經(jīng)過(guò)風(fēng)化分解而最終形成土壤的過(guò)程．

解答 61．A   細(xì)節(jié)理解題．第一段詳細(xì)描述了土壤的形成過(guò)程Then slowly，the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces．Finally stones，pebbles （卵石） and grains of sand were formed．Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth．Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．The outmost layer of the earth is soil．，大意為"起初，地球表層由大塊堅(jiān)硬的巖石組成，然后，這些大塊巖石分裂成小塊礫石，千百年來(lái)這些礫石與生物的遺體混合，最后形成了土壤"，由此可知土壤的形成過(guò)程特別漫長(zhǎng)．故正確答案為A．
62．B   細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第二段Wind，water，heat and cold help to break up rocks．可知幫助土壤形成的因素有4個(gè)，故選B．
63．C  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由最后一段第二、三句"When the sun shines，the rock become very hot．If these rocks are suddenly cooled，they may crack．"可知，氣溫驟變最可有效促使巖石風(fēng)化．故正確答案為C．
64．B  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．A項(xiàng)，由第一段倒數(shù)第二句"Their remains mixed up with the stones，pebbles and formed soil．"可知A項(xiàng)所述與原文匹配，所以A項(xiàng)不符合題干要求．B、C項(xiàng)，文中列舉的各種風(fēng)化，都未提到巖石移動(dòng)，所以B項(xiàng)與原文描述不符，符合題干要求；C項(xiàng)與原文匹配，所以C項(xiàng)不符合題干要求．D項(xiàng)，由最后一段最后兩句"Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather．As this happens，it becomes bigger and the cracks become wider，and finally break up into smaller pieces．"可知，冰能促使巖石風(fēng)化分解，所以D項(xiàng)所述與原文匹配，所以D項(xiàng)不符合題干要求．故正確答案為B．
65．A  主旨大意題．通讀全文可知，文章主要講述大塊巖石經(jīng)過(guò)風(fēng)化分解而最終形成土壤的過(guò)程，所以A項(xiàng)正確．B項(xiàng)，"分解巖石的方法"，無(wú)法與本文關(guān)鍵詞 soil 聯(lián)系起來(lái)，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．C項(xiàng)，"地球上的土壤"，與文章主要內(nèi)容不符，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．D項(xiàng)，"土壤，地球最外層"，與文章主要內(nèi)容不符，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤．故正確答案為A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是科教類閱讀理解．做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)