5．American society is not nap（午睡）friendly．In fact，says David Dinges，a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine．"There's even a ban against admitting we need sleep．"Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work．A proverb says："Some sleep five hours，nature requires seven，laziness nine and wickedness（邪惡） eleven．"
Wrong!The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them．"We have to totally change our attitude toward napping，"says Dr William Dement of Stanford University，the godfather of sleep research．
Last year a national commission（委員會） led by Dement put forward an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt．The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness：people causing industrial accidents of falling asleep while working．This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House．According to recent reports，our President is trying to take a half-hour nap every afternoon．
About 60percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity．We seem to have"a mid-afternoon quiet state"，or"a secondary sleep gate"．Sleeping 15minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed．Clearly，we were born to nap．
We Superstars of Napping don't nap just to make up for the lost sleep after a night shift（夜班）．Rather，we take it，whenever，wherever and at whatever time we feel like it．I myself have napped in buses，cars，planes and on boats； on floors and beds； and in libraries，offices and museums．
56．It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep isA．
A．unreasonable B．unfit      C．harmful      D．unfriendly
57．The research done by the Dement commission shows thatC．
A．Americans who sleep too much usually get into debts
B．the commission blamed the national debts on people's sleep
C．not enough sleep is no good for Americans and their country
D．napping at work has caused America many industrial and traffic accidents
58．The writer writes this passage in order toD．
A．warn us of the risks of napping
B．show us the dangers of sleeplessness
C．introduce a national commission on sleepiness in America
D．convince the readers of the necessity of napping
59．From the passage，we can learn that"American sleep debt"is the result ofA．
A．the wrong attitude the Americans traditionally hold toward sleep
B．the sleep policy made by the American government
C．the rapid development of American industry
D．the Americans'worry about the dangers of sleepiness
60．The last paragraph tells us that it isD．
A．preferable to have a sound sleep after a night shift
B．good practice not to nap at work
C．essential to make up for lost sleep
D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it．

分析 文章講述了美國傳統(tǒng)觀念是不允許午睡的，但是最近的研究表明午睡對于美國人是非常重要，美國的睡眠缺失現(xiàn)象非常嚴重，作者呼吁午睡是一種天性，無論何時何地只要感覺困了就應(yīng)該小睡一會．

解答 56：A  推斷題．由第一段，美國人不喜歡午睡，事實上，賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院睡眠專家David Dinges說，"甚至有一個禁令不允許我們需要睡眠．在工作的時候，沒有人愿意被發(fā)現(xiàn)在打瞌睡或在睡覺．引用一個諺語：有的人睡5個小時，正常情況需7個小時，懶惰者需9個小時，墮落者需11個小時．由此可知，美國人認為過多的失眠是不合理的．并不是不合適的，有害的，不友好的．故答案為A
57：C 推斷題．美國人都普遍缺乏睡眠，他們的睡眠欠缺和國債一樣不可小覷．可見，美國認為睡眠少對他們沒有益處，故答案為C
58：D 主旨題．由第二段The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them．We have to totally change our attitude toward napping．工作時不睡著的方法是當你困的時候就小睡一下，我們必須完全改變我們對于小睡的態(tài)度．可知，本文的意圖是使讀者認識到小睡的必要性．故答案為D
59：A  細節(jié)題．由第一段可知，美國人不重視午睡，沒有人想在工作時被發(fā)現(xiàn)在打盹或睡著了，還有一句俗語來抨擊午睡，可見是傳統(tǒng)觀念在誤導(dǎo)著他們．故選A
60：D 推斷題．由最后一段，睡覺是我們的一部分，無論何時，何地，我自己在公交車里，汽車，飛機，船上，在床上，圖書館，辦公室，博物館里都可以小睡．可知，本段是要告訴我們不論何時，當我們需要休息的時候，就應(yīng)該小睡一會．故答案為D

點評 夾敘夾議的材料是近幾年高考閱讀理解的常考題型，學(xué)生對此類夾敘夾議的文章，如果生詞多就不知道如何作答了．遇到類似情況可以重點看作者所發(fā)表的議論，把握好作者的感情色彩，是褒義還是貶義．本文文脈清晰，題目設(shè)置不難，答題時需要仔細對照原文和題目的選項，把握好作者是非常支持午睡的這一點．

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（本文出處：VOA April 11，2016）（略有改動）

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