Starting in l972，the National Park Service established a policy for forest fires calle Natural Burn．It was acknowledged that some forest fires，such as those caused by lightning were necessary for forests to maintain balanced ecosystems，so the fire should be allowed to burn．However, a big fire in Yellowstone National Park in l988 caused this policy to be abandoned since the fire was initially allowed to burn yet soon out of control．As a result，the fire of l988 destroyed much of Yellowstone，which is America’s oldest and most beloved national park．Massive areas of plants were destroyed，and large empty spaces and acres of burned and blackened trees greeted visitors．The rivers and streams were choked with ash，and the ecosystem of the park was changed beyond repair.
In addition，great numbers of animals were killed by the fires that bumed out of control. The fires were driven by high winds，moving as many as ten miles a day．Many small animals died in the flames．The fires’ rapid advances gave the wildlife little chance to escape. Even today，few of these small forest animals have returned to live in the park. In the years immediately following the fires，the numbers of visitors declined rapidly．No one was interested in seeing a blackened and treeless park on vacation．Yellowstone had previously been famous for its amazing views and unique geological formations such as the geyser Old Faithful. But now its reputation as America's wonder is damaged permanently.
【小題1】Natural Burn was adopted because some forest fires were
| A．hard to put out |
| B．started by lightning |
| C．good for the balance of nature |
| D．a(chǎn)pproved by National Park Service |
| A．became out of control at first |
| B．destroyed the park completely |
| C．was allowed to burn continuously |
| D．brought the natural burn policy to an end |
| A．Because winds were blown from high places． |
| B．Because the animals moved only ten miles a day． |
| C．Because the animals lived in lower places． |
| D．Because strong winds contributed to the fire a lot． |
| A．rare animals | B．unique plants | C．beautiful scenery | D．little streams |
| A．a(chǎn) science fiction | B．a(chǎn) news report |
| C．a(chǎn) commercial ad | D．a(chǎn) geography magazine |
【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
【小題4】C
【小題5】D
解析試題分析:從1972年以來(lái)國(guó)家公園管理局頒布了一項(xiàng)政策：對(duì)于由閃電引起的自然火災(zāi)采取放任態(tài)度，認(rèn)為這有助于自然平衡。但是1988年黃石自然公園的大火發(fā)生后，這項(xiàng)制度被廢除了，因?yàn)榛馂?zāi)會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的損失。
【小題1】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段such as those caused by lightning were necessary for forests to maintain balanced ecosystems，可知在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為自然火災(zāi)會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)平衡有益，答案選C。
【小題2】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中However, a big fire in Yellowstone National Park in l988 caused this policy to be abandoned可知黃石火災(zāi)的發(fā)生結(jié)束了這一制度，故D選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題3】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中The fires were driven by high winds，moving as many as ten miles a day．Many small animals died in the flames．可以判斷因?yàn)榇箫L(fēng)助長(zhǎng)了火勢(shì)，很多動(dòng)物來(lái)不及逃走就被燒死了，所以選D。
【小題4】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段Yellowstone had previously been famous for its amazing views and unique geological formations such as the geyser Old Faithful.可知黃石公園因?yàn)樽匀伙L(fēng)光而聞名，答案選C。
【小題5】本文介紹的是自然火災(zāi)對(duì)于森林的影響，屬于自然地理范疇，由此判斷文章應(yīng)選自地理雜志，所以答案選D。
考點(diǎn)：考查自然科學(xué)類(lèi)短文閱讀。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
The Swiss army knife is a popular device that is recognized all over the world. In Switzerland, there is a saying that every good Swiss citizen has one in his or her pocket. But the knife had poor beginnings.
In the late nineteenth century, the Swiss army issued（發(fā)給） its soldiers a gun that required a special screwdriver（螺絲刀） to take it apart and clean it. At the same time, canned food was becoming common in the army. Swiss generals decided to issue each soldier a standard knife to serve both as a screwdriver and a can opener.
It was a lifesaver for Swiss knife makers, who were struggling to compete with cheaper German imports. In 1884, Carl Elsener, head of the Swiss knife manufacturer（maker） Victorinox, seized that opportunity with both hands, and designed a soldier's knife that the army loved. It was a simple knife with one big blade(刀片), a can opener, and a screwdriver.
A few years after the soldier's knife was issued, the "Schweizer Offizier Messer," or Swiss Officer's Knife, came on the market. Interestingly, the Officer's Knife was never given to those serving in the army. The Swiss army purchasers considered the new model with a corkscrew（瓶塞鉆） for opening wine not "essential for survival," so officers had to buy this new model by themselves. But its special multi-functional design later launched(發(fā)行) the knife as a global brand. After the Second World War, a great number of American soldiers were stationed in Europe. And as they could buy the Swiss army knife at shops on army bases, they bought huge quantities of them. However, it seems that "Schweizer Offizier Messer" was too difficult for them to say, so they just called it the Swiss army knife, and that is the name it is now known by all over the world.
【小題1】What is the main purpose of the passage?
| A．To explain the origin of the Swiss army knife. |
| B．To introduce the functions of the Swiss army knife. |
| C．To emphasize the importance of the Swiss army knife. |
| D．To tell a story about the designer of the Swiss army knife. |
| A．The Swiss army needed a knife for every soldier. |
| B．Every good Swiss citizen had a knife in his pocket. |
| C．Swiss knives were competing with imported knives. |
| D．Canned food was becoming popular in the Swiss army. |
| A．The design of the knife was too simple. |
| B．The knife was sold out to American soldiers. |
| C．The army had no budget to make the purchase. |
| D．The new design was not considered necessary for officers to own. |
| A．Carl Elsener. | B．Swiss generals. |
| C．American soldiers. | D．German businessmen. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Generic Name: ASPIRIN
Pronunciation: ['æsp?rin]
Why it is prescribed (開(kāi)藥方)：
1. Aspirin relieves mild to moderate pain.
2. It reduces fever, redness, and swelling.
3. It prevents blood from clotting (凝結(jié)).
When it is to be taken:
1. Aspirin is often taken without a prescription.
2. Follow the instructions on the label and package.
3. If your doctor prescribes aspirin for you, you will receive specific instructions for how often you should take it.
4. Keep in touch with your doctor.
How it should be taken:
1. Aspirin comes in the form of suppositories (栓劑), capsules, and regular, coated, extended-release, and chewable tablets.
2. Regular, coated, and extended-release aspirin tablets and capsules should be swallowed with a full glass of water or milk after meals to avoid stomach upset.
3. Chewable aspirin tablets may be chewed, crushed, dissolved in a liquid, or swallowed whole; a full glass of water, milk, or fruit juice should be drunk immediately after taking these tablets.
Special Instruction:
1. Children should not take aspirin for fevers associated with flu or chickenpox (水痘) because such use has been linked with a serious illness known as Reye’s syndrome.
2. Adults should not take aspirin for pain for more than 10 days (five days for children) without consulting a doctor.
3. Aspirin should not be taken by adults or children for high fever, fever lasting longer than three days without a doctor’s supervision (監(jiān)管).
4. Do not give more than five doses (劑量) to a child in a 24-hour period unless directed to do so by a doctor.
5. If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it and resume the prescribed schedule.
Side Effects:
1. Although side effects from aspirin are not common, they can occur.
2. Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, indigestion and heartburn are common. Take aspirin after meals, with a full glass of water or milk. If these effects continue, contact your doctor.
3. Ringing in the ears, bloody or black stools (糞便), difficulty breathing, dizziness, mental confusion and sleepiness are rare. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor.
Other Precautions:
1. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding women, inform your doctor before taking aspirin.
2. Do not take aspirin if you are within three months of delivery.
3. Do not take aspirin if you are allergic (過(guò)敏) to it.
4. If you have diabetes (糖尿病), regular use of eight or more regular strength aspirin tablets a day may affect test result.
5. If you are taking large doses of aspirin on a long-term basis, avoid having alcoholic drinks because alcohol can increase stomach problems.
6. To prevent an overdose of aspirin, read the labels before taking other pain relievers and cold products to be sure that they do not contain aspirin.
Storage Conditions:
1. Store aspirin in a cool place or in a refrigerator.
2. Throw away aspirin that smells strongly of vinegar.
3. Keep this aspirin out of the reach of children.
【小題1】Which of the following about Aspirin is correct?
| A．It only comes in the form of regular tablets. |
| B．It should not be taken for more than 5 days for children. |
| C．It can be used to reduce fever and pain and prevent blood clotting. |
| D．It causes ringing in the ears or difficulty breathing after being taken |
| A．keeping in touch with your doctor |
| B．taking aspirin tablets after meals to avoid stomach upset |
| C．drinking a full glass of juice immediately after taking chewable aspirin tablets |
| D．taking more than 8 regular strength aspirin a day while suffering from diabetes |
| A．continue | B．make up | C．pause | D．throw away |
| A．blood clotting | B．stomach upset | C．lasting fever | D．sight problem |
| A．In a research paper. |
| B．In the package of a medicine |
| C．In a medical textbook. |
| D．In a scientific and technological magazine |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
1. Mean old ladies
There is always a reason why an old lady gives you a serious look – you are being too loud, dressed improperly or not crossing the street in the right place. Sometimes it can be lovely, but if you are already having a bad day, a mean old lady can drive you mad.
What to do about it:
I’ve come to realize that when people start conflicts, it is actually an expression of their inner state expressed in an outside way. You, your personality, your looks or your actions have nothing to do with it. It is not personal, so why take it personally?
2. That person, who cuts in front of everybody in line
This is something that gets me angry. Even if I am not in a hurry, I still feel bad for the other people in line who are being treated unjustly. Are you more patient than I am or do you feel annoying too?
What to do about it:
If we have negative thoughts then we are wasting our energy on negativity. Situations like this could be a great opportunity to learn to control our first negative responses and practice understanding. After all, the person may just have a quick question or maybe there is an emergency.
Friends that tell you “I told you so”
It is one thing to admit that you made a mistake and another to hear it from a friend. Friends should be there to support you and cheer you up when you are feeling down, not make themselves feel better at your expense, right?
What to do about it:
It helps to remember that when people say “I told you so”, they may mean, “Please listen to my advice to avoid future mistakes.” If this is not the help you need – voice it out, without getting defensive.
【小題1】According to the author, what can you do when meeting with a mean old lady?
| A．Take it personally. | B．Take it seriously. |
| C．Don’t apologize to her. | D．Don’t get upset. |
| A．stop him immediately | B．treat it with a good state of mind |
| C．pretend not to see it | D．teach him a good lesson |
| A．not to keep silent at a friend’s improper suggestion |
| B．to tell your friend if they have misunderstood you |
| C．not to talk to your friend if they feel better at your expense |
| D．to apologize to your friend when you’ve done something wrong |
| A．What to do when meeting with these people? |
| B．How to ask your friends for help when in trouble? |
| C．How to give advice to your friends when asked to? |
| D．What to say when faced with different situations? |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
“When your mother scolds you, you can look elsewhere and think about other things. Just ignore her words. But remember: such a tough attitude cannot be used often.”
These words are from a series of cartoons which outline skills for children to fight against their mothers. The images have created heated debate among Chinese netizens.
Regarded as “a book for children aged 6 to 12 who are always scolded by their parents”， the cartoons, drawn by two 10yearold Beijing girls, list over 20 skills which children can use to deal with their mothers' anger such as crying, pretending to be ashamed, fleeing into the toilet and pleasing her afterwards.
Each skill is described with vivid pictures and humorous notes. The creativity of the young girls has amazed netizens, the Yangtse Evening Post reported on Thursday.
According to one of the girls' mothers, her daughter once received a poor mark in an exam, and the mother blamed her and compared her performance with another classmate. The daughter's feelings led to her creating the cartoons.
The girl's father, who first posted the pictures on his Sohu Microblog on Monday, said he hopes parents pay close attention to the pictures, allow children to feel free to develop their own characteristics and try not to criticize them so often.
The father said the cartoons aren't finished yet; his daughter will continue with them when she has time.
“The cartoons, although an individual case, reflect a modern phenomenon and some of the problems within Chinese family education，” said Yu Qinfang, an expert on family education.
According to a survey of 104 children and their parents, Yu discovered that as many as 51.9 percent of primary school students hate being urged to do things by their mothers.
“Not giving children enough time and hurrying them to do things seems to be a very tiny detail within family life, but it is potentially a huge problem which can easily be ignored by parents. A mother's blame may lead to negative feelings within her child's heart，” Yu said. “Parents should learn to blame less and be more patient.”
【小題1】What amazed Chinese netizens according to the text?
| A．The girls' poor marks. |
| B．The girls' skills against their mothers. |
| C．The girls' creativity. |
| D．The girls' tough attitude to their mothers. |
| A．It tells us how to control mothers' feelings. |
| B．It includes a number of vivid pictures and humorous notes. |
| C．It is intended for primary school teachers. |
| D．It is finished by children aged 6 to 12. |
| A．show off his daughter's cleverness |
| B．blame his daughter for drawing these cartoons |
| C．encourage his daughter to make greater progress |
| D．get other parents to draw a lesson from the cartoons |
| A．dislike being forced to do things |
| B．like drawing cartoons in class |
| C．seldom do well in exams |
| D．enjoy being compared with others |
| A．parents often ignore their children's hobbies |
| B．parents often speak highly of their children |
| C．how to develop children's gifts puzzles parents |
| D．how to blame children needs parents' wisdom |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it．You do not need to be strong．But you need to be quick．And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat．The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let's start with the wind blowing from behind．This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction．Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat．It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat．Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat．In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat．It should be at a 45° angle to the boat．It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn't flap (擺動(dòng))．It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole．If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
Sailing against the wind is not possible．If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop．You may want to go in that direction．It is possible, but you can't go in a straight line．You must go first in one direction and then in another．This is called tacking．When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.
【小題1】What should you consider first while sailing?
| A．Sailors' strength. | B．Wave levels. |
| C．Size of sails. | D．Wind directions. |
| A．The boat. | B．The sail. |
| C．The wind. | D．The angle. |
| A．Move in a straight line. | B．Allow the sail to flap. |
| C．Lower the sail. | D．Tack the boat. |
| A．In a popular magazine. | B．In a tourist guidebook. |
| C．In a physics textbook. | D．In an official report. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目標(biāo)) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大鏡), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸發(fā)), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
【小題1】According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
| A．to let them see the world around |
| B．to share the children’s curiosity |
| C．to explain difficult phrases about science |
| D．to supply the children with lab equipment |
| A．a(chǎn)ny questions | B．a(chǎn)ny problems |
| C．questions from textbooks | D．a(chǎn)ny number of questions |
| A．a(chǎn)sk them to answer quickly |
| B．wait for one or two seconds after a question |
| C．tell them to answer the next day |
| D．wait at least for three seconds after a question |
| A．The second and third. | B．The fourth and fifth. |
| C．The fifth and sixth. | D．The fifth. |
| A．tell their children stories instead of reciting(背誦) facts. |
| B．offer their children chances to see things for themselves. |
| C．be patient enough when their children answer questions. |
| D．encourage their children to ask questions of their own. |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
Want to find Bigfoot? Matt Moneymaker, president of Animal Planet's Finding Bigfoot, says the creatures have been seen in every state but Hawaii.
Redwoods State Park, California
With its towering redwoods and thick forest, it's hard to beat the atmosphere at this Northern California park.Moneymaker recommends taking a walk along the Smith River on Howland Hill Road.“We heard of lots of different sightings and sounds in there，”he says.“I've found tracks crossing that road.”7074657335.
SalmonHuckleberry Wilderness, Oregon
You don't have to go far to find Bigfoot.This area 20 miles east of Portland in the Mount Hood National Forest is prime spotting territory.Bigfoot apparently has a sweet tooth and goes ape for huckleberries, which grow in the area.Scores of campers have been scared off by noises and have had rocks thrown at them.5036681700.
Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico
The high density of deer attracts Bigfoot to this place.The creatures may use the park's mountainous lookouts to watch over deer in spring.Even when there's no wind, dead trees often topple mysteriously, with their roots above the earth.“They let you know that they're there.”5056613333.
Bird Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Vermont
This prominent mountain peak outside the town of Rutland has had its share of activity, including a trailcam picture famous in Bigfoot circles of what appears to be a female one carrying her offspring (后代). Centuries ago，American Indians reported seeing an apelike creature and，more recently, hikers say that they have come upon a Bigfoot.8007568880.
Fahnestock State Park, New York
There's a long history of Bigfoot in this mountain park a mere 90 minutes from New York City. Moneymaker says investigators have found mysterious markings in the snow.8452257207.
Ponca Wilderness Area, Arkansas
Moneymaker says he had several good Bigfoot moments on a recent expedition in this area along the Buffalo National River in northern Arkansas.Most of the Bigfoot action centered on the area near Steel Creek Campground.8704392502.
【小題1】Visitors are likely to see Bigfoot in the following places EXCEPT________.
| A．California | B．New Mexico |
| C．Hawaii | D．Arkansas |
| A．5036681 700 | B．8452257 207 |
| C．5056613 333 | D．8007568 880 |
| A．Bigfoot is often attacked by human being. |
| B．Bigfoot doesn't like eating animals like deer. |
| C．Bigfoot is afraid of inhabiting in a thick forest. |
| D．Bigfoot likes eating sweet fruit like huckleberries. |
| A．In Valles Caldera National Preserve. |
| B．In SalmonHuckleberry Wilderness. |
| C．In Ponca Wilderness Area. |
| D．In Bird Mountain Wildlife Management Area. |
| A．fall down | B．eat up |
| C．move over | D．burn down |
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some hold an optimistic attitude. They value it highly, believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity（繁榮）and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep the pace. Others think otherwise. They say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that the unfriendly relationship between people because of competition.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth depended on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit（追求）of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others have an opposite opinion. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. They have no choice. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try”. What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs compared with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear is overcome can discover a new meaning in competition.
【小題1】What does this passage mainly talk about?
| A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. |
| B．Opinions about competition are different among people. |
| C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. |
| D．Failures are necessary experience in competition. |
| A．It pushes society forward. |
| B．It builds up a sense of duty. |
| C．It improves personal abilities. |
| D．It encourages individual efforts. |
| A．those who try their best to win |
| B．those who value competition most highly |
| C．those who are against competition most strongly |
| D．those who rely on others most for success |
| A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. |
| B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts. |
| C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. |
| D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. |
| A．Every effort should be paid back. |
| B．Competition should be encouraged. |
| C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. |
| D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. |
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