Plants are flowering faster than scientists predict in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
“Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.” scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researchers of several U.S. Universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments underestimated the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
“The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,” it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2 ℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 ℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
【小題1】What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?

A．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
B．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
C．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
【小題2】We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that _____.    
A．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
B．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
C．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
【小題3】Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _____.     
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
【小題4】What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?    
A．It has risen nearly 0.2 ℃ since 1979.
B．It is 0.8 ℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.
C．It needs to be controlled within 2 ℃ in this century.
D．Its change will lead to weather extremes.


【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】B
【小題4】D

解析試題分析：本文主要講述了植物對(duì)于氣候變化所作出的反應(yīng)會(huì)影響人類的食物鏈并影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。并介紹了與之有關(guān)的一些研究的情況。
【小題1】C 段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第2句which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.可知本段講述的是植物對(duì)于氣候變化的反應(yīng)能夠?qū)κ澄镦溡约吧鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)有很大的影響。故C正確。
【小題2】A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,” it said.可知在未來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該被進(jìn)一步地完善，現(xiàn)在的設(shè)計(jì)還有很大的缺陷。故A正確。
【小題3】B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段2,3行They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.植物是這個(gè)研究中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的研究對(duì)象。因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谑澄镦溨杏泻艽蟮淖饔�。故B正確。
【小題4】D 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段So far, efforts to cut emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 ℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.可知地球氣溫的變化會(huì)帶來(lái)極端的氣候變化，導(dǎo)致很多的災(zāi)難如干旱，作物絕收以及海平面上升等等。故D正確。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

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【小題2】What is the problem with using hydrogen as energy?
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A．①③⑥ B．①②③ C．①⑤⑥ D．③④⑥
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

How to be Prepared
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

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While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, some few fear EQ invites misuse.
【小題1】The experiment with the four-year-olds makes it clear that ________.

A．the age of 4 is a proper time for scientific experiment 
B．emotional intelligence won't show up until adolescence 
C．the ability of self-control plays a role in personal success 
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C．Some people can be blessed with lots of both, but some with little of either. 
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A．To amuse both the children and readers. 
B．To prove the scientist’s wisdom. 
C．To introduce the topic of the text. 
D．To show us how to do an IQ test. 
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Television is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques.
In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner (框式廣告) and pop-up ads (彈出式廣告) to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads.
A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads. Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click advertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be called click fraud (欺詐): representatives of a company with no interest in the product advertised by a competitor click on the competitor’s ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify (擺脫) their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.
Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. As the pace of the Internet’s evolution increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoids constancy (持續(xù)性) and welcomes change.
【小題1】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The pace of the Internet’s evolution is increasing and will only increase in the future.
B．Internet advertising fails to reach Internet users, causing ads to be blocked.
C．The Internet has experienced dramatic changes in short periods of time.
D．Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.
【小題2】As an advertising medium, the television and the Internet mainly differ in ________.
A．the type of individual each medium reaches
B．whether the medium is interactive
C．the pace at which the medium develops
D．the cost of advertising with each medium
【小題3】According to the passage, which of the following is a typical click fraud?
A．Using software to block competitors’ advertisements.
B．Clicking on the pay-per-click ads of competitors.
C．Clicking on the banner advertisements of opponent companies.
D．Using search engine to attack the pages of competitors.
【小題4】What does the author imply about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?
A．It will eventually become less popular just like other forms of Internet advertising.
B．It will not face shortcomings due to its differing approach to online marketing.
C．Internet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.
D．Although it improves on pay-per-click advertising, it still suffers from click fraud.

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