About a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could be prevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(發(fā)病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
小題1:Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?
A．protectB．preventC．developD．cure。
小題2:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?
A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk.
B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world.
C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers.
D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week.
小題3:Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers
B．Cancer is a leading cause of death
C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases
D．The incidence of common cancers is rising
小題4:By writing the passage, the author mainly intends to ____.
A．a(chǎn)dvise people to develop healthier lifestyle.
B．warn people of the danger of cancers
C．explain why many people die from cancers every year.
D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers
小題5:We can infer from Peter Baldini’s opinion in the last two paragraphs that ____.
A．a(chǎn)ll the lung cancers are linked to smoking
B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one
C．a(chǎn)ll governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health
D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:A
小題5:C

試題分析：生活方式的改變可以避免癌癥的發(fā)生，在本文中作者指出如果人們吃健康食品，少飲酒，多運動就會避免三分之一的癌癥發(fā)生。此外還用一些數(shù)據(jù)來證實了健康生活方式的重要性，并且呼吁政府部門要制定法律來避免人們受香煙的危害，給人們一個健康的生活空間。
小題1:B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,以及常識可以推斷健康的生活方式能夠避免癌癥的發(fā)生，所以推斷ward off 是“防止、避免”的意思，答案選B。
小題2:D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes ….. 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.可知成年人每周150分鐘的鍛煉可以每周進行五次時間為30分鐘的步行或者騎自行車，不一定必須是每周三次為時50分鐘的步行，所以D選項內(nèi)容錯誤。
小題3:A主旨大意題。文章開頭提出如果人們吃健康食品，少飲酒多運動就會避免三分之一的癌癥發(fā)生，然后下文均圍繞生活方式的改變會避免癌癥的發(fā)生來展開行文，由此可知A選項內(nèi)容能概括文章中心，所以答案選A。
小題4:A推理判斷題。文章開頭提出生活方式的改變可以避免癌癥的發(fā)生，然后通過引用Rachel Thompson的話來證實健康生活方式的重要性以及呼吁政府部門要制定法律控制吸煙給人們帶來的危害，讓人們可以過更健康的生活，由此可知文章的目的就是建議人們養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式，避免癌癥的發(fā)生，故答案選A。
小題5:C推理判斷題。根據(jù)called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. 和Tobacco kills millions of smokers every yea可知他認為政府要采取措施保護人們健康，遠離香煙的危害，故C為正確選項。
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Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older. Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills. A recently published study also appears to demonstrate that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended.
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Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective（認識）． A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box．It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context（背景）．
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D．Laws have passed to make workers have lunch．
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B．make the employees work longer hours
C．a(chǎn)re for employees to have a quick lunch
D．make the workers eat a proper lunch at home
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A．saves a lot of time for a rest
B．a(chǎn)ffects people's way of thinking
C．is better than having no lunch
D．makes workers sit down and think
小題5:What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Your smartphone can do a lot of things. It can call people. It connects to the Internet. It enables you to play fun games. But there is a dark side to this smart little equipment of yours----- it might also spread disease.
“People are just likely to get sick from their phones as from handles of the bathroom, ” Jeffrey Cain, the president of the American Academy of Family Physicians , told The Wall Street Journal.
This may be hard to believe, but scientists reached this conclusion after they tested eight cell phones from an office in Chicago. All the tested phones showed high numbers of coliforms (大腸菌), a kind of bacteria found in human waste , with about 2700 to 4200 units of the bacteria on each phone. The bacteria can cause flu, pinkeye and other diseases . That is right --- your phone is covered in our human waste.
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“Some things that we think are personal are actually more public than we imagine,” Cain said.  What is even worse is that after the phone returns from its dirty trip, it then spends most of its time cozying up to our faces. You don’t think about how often you touch your phone to your face, do you? Our noses, mouths and ears are all warm and rich in grease (油脂) , an environment that germs really like.
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A．people love to share their phones more than they realize
B．our personal items could be as risky to our health as public items
C．phones are used in public places more than people realize
D．Most people don’t know how dirty their cell phones are
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A．Tips on the use of phones
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