Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1 – unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , Ausubel says. "We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks," he adds.
Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical 9 Ausubel’s conclusions. John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that 10 the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not 11 additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same "dual use" also applies to wind power6. "The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . "I’m not sure I’d want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power," he adds.
A. figures B. amounts C, unmbers D. digits
A. small B. huge C. little D. vast
A. at B. over C. for D. against
A. expand B. minimize C. enlarge D. decrease
A. same B. similar C. alike D. identical
A. region B. site C. area D. land
A. leased B. cultivated C. used D. purchased
A. patch B. match C. catch D. fetch
A. in B. with C. of D. on
A. even if B. only if C. what if D. as if
A. lock up B. take up C. give up D. set up
A. towering B. interesting C. nice-looking D. existing
A.surrounds B. contains C. includes D. covers
A. issue B. stuff C. summary D. suggestion
A. doubtfully B. supposedly C. certainly D. honestly
【小題1】B
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
【小題5】A
【小題6】D
【小題7】C
【小題8】B
【小題9】C
【小題10】A
【小題11】B
【小題12】D
【小題13】D
【小題14】A
【小題15】C
【小題1】雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞 (figures 數(shù)字, amounts 數(shù)量,numbers 數(shù)目,digits 數(shù)碼) 都是與數(shù)字有關(guān)的,在 of land 之前,要用 amounts.B 是答案。
【小題2】在 "Renewables look attractive when they are quite ? . But if we start
producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible"這兩個(gè)句子之間,
有個(gè)連詞 But, 說明兩個(gè)句子的意思相反。后一句說,如果大規(guī)模開發(fā)可再生能源,其后果
十分可怕。既然 "大規(guī)模"、"可怕",前一句填入空格的詞應(yīng)該與之相反。選項(xiàng) A 是 small,
正符合要求,A 是答案。
【小題3】Ausubel 是不贊成大規(guī)模開發(fā)可再生能源的。"空3"后出現(xiàn) nuclear, 可以合理地推論出,這是他贊同的能源。所以要選 C 的for.argue by (通過……進(jìn)行爭論), argue over (就……進(jìn)行爭論), argue against (爭論以反對) 都不符合上下文的意思。
【小題4】前面一句說,Ausubel 對可再生能源、天然氣和核電廠發(fā)出的電量與其占用土地
的量的比值作一比較。"空4"所在的句子說,隨著風(fēng)力發(fā)電、生物燃料發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電占
用的最好的土地逐漸用完,這個(gè) 效率比值會發(fā)生什么變化呢?從 gets used up 分析,效率
比值應(yīng)該變小才對。所以要選 D的 decrease.minimize (使最小化)不符合上下文的意思。
【小題5】從句子的意思和詞的搭配上看,填入 "空5"的詞是選項(xiàng) A 的 same.same…as 是
固定搭配。填入 same 之后,句子的意思也完整了,即:用生物燃料得到與 1000 兆瓦核
電廠相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。
【小題6】前文說的效率比值都是以 land 為標(biāo)尺,所以這兒要選 A 的 land.
【小題7】句子的意思是: 按 ? 土地計(jì)算,太陽能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 .最適合填入的詞是 C 的 used.其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng) leased (租借)、cultivated (耕種)、purchased (購買)都不符合上下文的意思.
【小題8】本題只能選 B 的 match (相匹配),其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng),即 patch (補(bǔ)綴)、catch (捕捉)、fetch (取來) 只是與 match 發(fā)音接近,意思與上下文不匹配。
【小題9】critical 要求后接 of.C 是答案
【小題10】John Turner 是反對 Ausubel 的計(jì)算方法的。從"空10"所在的句子分析, the US got all of its power from solar energy 應(yīng)該是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,選 A 的 even if 是對的。此外,only if (決不……除非)、what if (如果……怎么辦)、as if (仿佛) 的意思都與上下文搭不上,也佐證了選 A 是正確的。
【小題11】本題只能選 B 的 take up (占用),因?yàn)橛蒙?take up 后,上下文的意思就連貫了。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng),即 lock up(鎖上)、give up (放棄)、step up (加緊) 的意思與上下文不匹配。
【小題12】句子的意思是: 美國僅僅從 ? 大樓的樓頂(鋪設(shè)的太陽能電池板)
中就能得到四分之一的能量。從意思連貫的角度選擇,選項(xiàng) D 的 existing 最符合題意。
【小題13】本段第一句用了 "dual use".第二句說風(fēng)力發(fā)電占用土地的百分?jǐn)?shù) (土地的第一
個(gè)用途)。第二句說建有渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)的土地仍然可以用于耕種 (土地的第二個(gè)用途)。"空
13"要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是 D 的 covers (覆蓋)。the land that it (指代 wind) covers, 意為 "
風(fēng)力發(fā)電所覆蓋的土地".
【小題14】an oversimplification of the ? ,究竟對什么過度簡單化呢? 從上下文看,應(yīng)該是對占用土地問題的過度簡單化。選項(xiàng) A 的 issue (問題) 正是上下文缺失的詞。stuff (材料)、summary (總結(jié))、suggestion (建議) 都不對。
【小題15】句子的前半句是說不會在阿富汗建造核電站,后半句用 but 開始,說明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 I'm not sure,后半句用 選項(xiàng) C 的 certainly, 與 not sure 的意思相反,是很合理的。
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