Today it seems perfectly natural for us to shake hands when we greet someone or say goodbye. But like so many things that we do without thinking such actions at one time probably represented something.

For example, in primitive(原始的) life the hand was used to fight enemies, kill animals, and make spears and tools. So when the hand was extended to someone, it showed that the person was not armed or ready for fight.

We know that the hand was an important symbol in early religion, probably as a mark of power. The Greeks prayed to their gods with raised hands. Presenting the hands palm to palm was at one time the way an inferior(身份低的) person paid respect to a superior(身份高的) one.

Among the Arabs, it was customary at one time to kiss the hand of a superior. Later on, polite Arabs began to resist the efforts of people to kiss their hands, and sometimes they would end up shaking hands as each tried to prevent the other from showing this mark of “inferiority(下級(jí)).”

The early Greeks held out the right hand when they wished to show friendship to a stranger. So we can see that the hand, and what was done with it, was full of meaning to people down through the ages. And while we shake hands without thinking, we are really carrying on a custom that has been handed down to us from ancient times.

 

56. The second paragraph tells us __________.

   A. the handshake didn’t mean greeting         B. what hands were used to do in primitive life

   C. the handshake showed men’s kindness    D. the handshake showed nothing

57. Among the Arabs, at one time,_________.

   A. people kissed each other whenever they met 

B. men kissed the women whenever they met

   C. less important person kissed more important person’s hand

D. more important person kissed less important person’s hand

58. The phrase “ hand down” in the last sentence means ________.

   A. put down         B. leave down          C. give down           D. pass down

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

短文寫作（共1題，滿分25分）

請(qǐng)先閱讀下面的電子郵件：

Dear Li Hua,

I feel very happy to read your e – mail said really appreciate your English, Congratulations to you. Your English has really imposed a lot.

Oh, I have some good news to tell you. I’ve got a good chance to practice my Chinese as an exchange student to China. So, here I’d like to ask you for help – which school is the best one for me to attend in China. Tell me, and then I can tell my school to make contact with it.

Looking forward to your early reply and hope to meet you in China soon.

Yours friendly,

Mary

假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)，用英文給瑪麗回一封電子郵件，建議她來你所在的學(xué)校。理由是：

1．你校每年都接納交換生；

2．學(xué)校條件好，各種設(shè)施好，有圖書館，電子閱覽室……；

3．課外活動(dòng)豐富多彩；

4．你校學(xué)生英語水平好，易于交流；

5．特別是老師好，教法生動(dòng)有趣

注意：

1．可根據(jù)要求加以必要發(fā)揮，但不要逐字翻譯；

2．詞數(shù)為120左右；

3．電子郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好（不計(jì)入你所寫詞數(shù)），但不得抄入答題卡。

參考詞匯：設(shè)施：facility   電子閱覽室：electro – reading – room

Hi Mary.

Nice to read your e – mail today. It’s very kind of you to give me encouragement, l owe a lot to you for your help.

As to which school is the best one for you to stay in, I should recommend                

                                                                               

                                                                                

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                                

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                                

                                                                               

                                                                               

Isn’t the intonation above enough for you to make a decision? If you come to my school, I think I can serve as a good link between you and other students as well as the teachers.

Hope you’ll like my school.

Li Hua

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011學(xué)年度江蘇省海門中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期期中考試卷 題型：閱讀理解

請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。
In the United States, engineering is a profession that has been dominated（支配）historically by men. Even today, it's still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical（機(jī)械的） engineers, but that's something www.EngineerGirl.org aims to change. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great career choice they might not have considered.
"Women are very much underrepresented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women."
Mary Mattis is the National Academy of Engineering, says the EngineerGirl website aims to reach young women around ages 11 through 14, when they are just getting old enough to start thinking about their futures.
"We know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical（關(guān)鍵的）point in their lives, and that it's a time when we need to reach them, both with an understanding, increasing their awareness of interesting fields in engineering, what a wonderful productive and exciting career you can have as an engineer. But we also need to reach them at that time because you have to take certain courses, and you can't start thinking about taking those courses when you're a junior in high school."
Engineering is a demanding course of study ---there is a lot of science and mathematics, for many girls and even boys, that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
"It's about designing things. It's about changing the world for people. It's about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living, you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get."
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also highlights unusual engineering careers in fields such as sports engineering and --- believe it or not --- chocolate engineering.
"There's a section called 'why be an engineer,' and that talks about the many opportunities and increasingly different opportunities like with bio-engineering and environmental engineering, some fields that might appeal to girls who want to make a difference or have a meaning for their careers beyond earning an income."
Even if you are not a girl in the target age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies（傳記）of some notable（顯著的）women engineers.
Title : Website（1）______ Girls to learn Engineering

Present （2）_____ for the engineering profession in the USA
The majority of men take up the profession throughout（3） ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers.
（4）_____ of the website
To  make  young  women （5）_____ of interesting  fields  in engineering and what productivity and（6）_____ the career of being engineers can bring them.
（7）_____ of being engineers
* It can be fun and exciting.
* It can（8）_____ the world for people.
* You can make a good living.
* You can gain economic（9）_____ by becoming an            engineer.
Other fields concerning engineering 
Various opportunities are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering (10) _____ to sports, and even chocolate

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010-2011學(xué)年安徽一中六中一六八中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期末英語試題（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

In the United States, engineering is a profession(職業(yè)) that has been historically under the control of men. Even today, it’s still true that few women become civil or chemical or mechanical engineers, but that’s something on www.EngineerGirl.org encouraging girls to change the present situation. Young women who visit the web site can find out about a great job choice they might not have considered.
"Women are not well represented in engineering and in engineering education programs and then of course, down the road, in the engineering workforce. So only about 20 percent of engineering undergraduate degrees(本科文憑) go to women, and then only about nine percent of working engineers are women."
Mary Mattis, the National Academy of Engineering, says "we know from the research that middle-school girls are at a critical point in their lives, and that it’s a time when we need to reach them, so this website aims to increase their awareness of interesting fields in engineering. On the other hand, it wants to make them understand what a wonderful productive and exciting job you can have as an engineer.”
Engineering is a demanding course of study—there is a lot of science and math, for many girls and even boys that can be challenging. But Ms. Mattis says that the EngineerGirl website stresses that engineering can also be fun and exciting.
"It’s about designing things. It’s about changing the world for people. It’s about making a difference. And, in addition, you can make a good living; you can be independent economically by becoming an engineer. All of those things are messages that girls need to get."
While most engineers go into traditional fields such as mechanical and electrical engineering, the EngineerGirl site also emphasizes engineering jobs which are related to other fields such as bio-engineering, sports engineering and --- believe it or not—chocolate engineering.
Even if you are not a girl in the target(目標(biāo)) age group, there’s a lot of interesting information on the site, including biographies(自傳)of some well-known women engineers.

Title
Website(56)______ Girls to Learn Engineering
Present(57)_____ for the engineering profession in the USA
The majority of men take up the profession throughout(58) ______, while only a small number of women work as engineers.
(59)_____ of the website
▲To increase young women’s(60)_____of interesting fields in engineering.
▲To make them understand what productivity and (61)_____ the job of being engineers can bring them.
(62)___________ of being engineers
▲ It can be fun and exciting.
▲ It can(63)_____ the world for people.
▲ You can make a good living.
▲ You can get economic independence by (64) _____ an engineer.
Other fields concerning engineering
Various chances are talked about like bio-engineering and engineering (65) _____ to sports, and even chocolate.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆遼寧葫蘆島第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高二下期期中考試英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years”, as the Bible would say .Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁)calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased woman said to me, ”If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died. ”At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today .That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate ,was more than she could take．It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course------keeping mother at home, putting off the operation----would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needｓ,and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him，and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we don not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because_______.

A．he was minister of the local church

B．he wanted to comfort the two families

C．he was an official of the community

D．he had great pity for the deceased

2.People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because________.

A．they can’t find a better way of express their sorrow

B．they have neglected the natural course of events

C．they believe that they were the reason

D．the don’t know things often turn in the opposite direction

3.According to the main passage, the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably means that________.

A．everything in the world is predetermined

B．there’s an explanation for everything in the world

C．the world can be interpreted in different ways

D．we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

4.What’s the main idea of the message?

A .Life and death is an unsolved mystery.

B. Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

C Every story should have a happy ending.

D. In general, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年江蘇鹽城中學(xué)高二期末考試 題型：填空題

任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題，每小題1分, 滿分10分)

根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后圖表中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空1個(gè)單詞。

Unique Tradition from UK

Boxing Day

This holiday, which is observed on December 26, is a unique part of the Christmas season in Great Britain, as well as other Commonwealth nations. Boxing Day comes from a tradition that began in the Middle Ages more than 800 years ago. On this day, English churches would open their ‘a(chǎn)lms box’ and distribute its contents to needy members of the community. It was also a day for servants to celebrate the holidays with their families, having usually worked the day before. Today, Boxing Day is one of the twenty-two paid holidays received by most working Brits. Most people now spend Christmas Day with their family and reserve Boxing Day for exchanging gifts with friends. Although the government shuts down for the day, cinemas and theatres are open.

Queen’s Telegram

In the United States, if you make it to the ripe old age of 101 or 102, Willard Scott will wish you happy birthday on national television. In England, the queen herself will send her congratulations. This fairly new custom is known as "the Queen’s Telegram" and assures centenarians (people at least 100 years old) that they will receive a birthday telegram from the queen on their one-hundredth birthday. The telegram is so longed for by some Brits that one 98-year-old woman was recently proven to have faked her age by two years just to receive the telegram.

High Tea

High tea was first enjoyed by the English working class during the 1700s. This ritual (儀式) began as a practical attempt to hold off hunger pains between breakfast and supper, as eating just two daily meals was common at the time. It was called “high” tea because it was usually taken sitting on top stools in a tea shop or standing at a counter or buffet table. Today, high tea has become a more elegant and popular tradition that is practiced in fine hotels and restaurants around the world.

Public Houses

Visiting a pub is one of Britain’s oldest forms of entertainment. The idea for the first public houses was brought to Britain thousands of years ago by conquering Roman army. The first pubs served only wine, but after the discovery of hops（啤酒花） in the fourteenth century, pubs began to serve mainly beer and ale（麥芽酒）, as they do today.

British pubs operate between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. every day except Sunday, when they must close at 10:30 p.m. The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds may enter a pub unaccompanied if they order a meal.

Unique Tradition from UK

Traditions

Time

Main Activities

Boxing Day

Observed on Dc.26 during the (71)______ season.

In the past, churches would open their “alms box”, with its contents (72)_______ to needy people.

Today it is reserved to (73)_____gifts with friends.

Queen’s Telegram

(74)______by the Queen when one has his or her 100th birthday.

People over 100 years will receive a birthday telegram from the queen herself on her birthday, enjoying the Queen’s (75)_____ to them.

High Tea

Enjoyed and practiced between breakfast and supper.

It (76)______to be taken sitting in a tea shop, or standing at a corner. Today it’s becoming a tradition (77)_____ in the hotels and restaurants worldwide.

Public Houses

Visited between 11 a.m. and 11 p.m. every day

(78)______Sunday.

At the (79)______, only wine was served, but today they mainly serve beer and ale, but people (80)_____than eighteen are not allowed to drink.

 

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