11．What a Little Love Means to a Little One
For too many，the damage begins early in life．Four out of 10infants（嬰兒） born in the United States do not form a strong bond（關(guān)系）with either parent，and they will pay for that the rest of their lives．
New research from Princeton University confirms what other researchers have already found：The number of babies born into families that are too poorly equipped to give them a fair chance of having a successful life is extremely big．
That finding is supported by many other research projects，including a study from the University of Rochester showing that nearly one-third of U．S．parents don't know what to expect from their newborns，or how to help them grow and learn and get along with others．Babies，as others have pointed out，don't come with an owner's manual．
The basic problem，according to the Princeton study，is 40percent of infants in the U．S．live in fear or distrust of their parents，and that will turn into aggressiveness（侵犯），defiance（挑釁）and hyperactivity（多動(dòng)） as they grow into adults．
Of that number，25percent don't bond with their parents because the parents aren't responding to their needs．And a tragic 15percent find their parents so troubling that they will avoid them whenever possible．
That will not necessarily result in a lifetime of violence，but it will make living a successful life much more difficult．
"They can overcome it，"sociologist Sophie Moullin of Princeton，lead author of that study，said in a telephone interview．"It's not a make or break situation，but they might find it harder to control their behavior．"
Moullin，along with coauthors from Columbia University and the University of Bristol in England，analyzed more than 100research projects，to reach their conclusions．
Many factors contribute to the problem，including poverty（貧窮），ignorance（無(wú)知），and stress among parents who are so busy with their own problems that a new child is sometimes more than they can handle．
Yet strong bonds，the researchers say，are amazingly simple to achieve．
49．According to the writing style of the passage，it may be a（n）A．
A．news report B．a(chǎn)rgument C．essay D．debate
50．Which of the following is NOT true？D
A．About 40% of the newborns do not form a strong bond with either parent．
B．Some parents are too busy with their own problems to handle a new child．
C．Parents'failing to respond to their babies'need may lead to future problems．
D．Infants who fail to bond with their parents are sure to have an unsuccessful life．
51．What is the meaning of the underlined word"manual"？B
A．An expert who tells you how to take care of a baby．
B．A book that tells you how to do or operate something．
C．A TV show that tells you how to bond with your baby．
D．A radio program explaining how to look after your baby．
52．What may be discussed in the following paragraph？C
A．Findings of other similar project concerning this topic．
B．Examples of the consequences of lacking strong bonds．
C．Simple ways of achieving strong bonds with an infant．
D．Reasons for failing in building up strong bonds with a child．
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