18．Sam Walton，the founder of Wal-Mart，was born in Kingfish，Oklahoma on March 29，1918．He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father's store while attending school．This was his first retailing （零售業(yè)） experience and he really enjoyed it．After graduation，he began his own career as a retail merchant．
He soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962in Rogers，Arkansas．Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success．Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America．
Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today．
After taking the company public in 1970，Walton introduced his"profit sharing plan"．The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store．Sam Walton believed that"individuals don't win，teams do"．Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options （認(rèn)股權(quán)） and store discounts．These benefits are commonplace today，but Walton was among the first to implement （實現(xiàn)） them．Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales．He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company's success，they would care about the company．
By the 1980s，Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America．Wal-Mart's unique decentralized （分散的） distribution system，also Walton's idea，created the edge needed to further encourage growth in the 1980s during growing complaints that the"superstore"was stopping smaller and traditional stores from developing．By 1991，Wal-Mart was the largest US retailer with 1，700stores．Walton remained active in managing the company，as president and CEO until 1988and chairman until his death．He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death．
61．What does the underlined word"it"in Para.1refer to？（No more than 5words）
His first retailing experience．
62．How did Walton's first Wal-mart store achieve success？（No more than 10words）
By specializing in name brands at low prices．
63．What's the purpose of Walton's carrying out"profit sharing plan"？（No more than 15words）
To improve Wal-Mart employees'income dependent on the profits of the store．
To improve Wal-Mart employees'income dependent on the profits of the store．
64Why were employees at Wal-mart stores offered stock options？（No more than 10words）
Because they would care about the company．
65．Are you in favor of Walton's management style？And Why？（No more than 20words）
Yes，I am．Because it can make the employees happy and promotes sales．．
分析 文章介紹了沃爾瑪公司創(chuàng)始人：山姆•沃爾頓創(chuàng)立沃爾瑪?shù)慕?jīng)過，還有他自身對于百貨公司的經(jīng)營理念與經(jīng)驗．
解答 61．His first retailing experience．
考查猜測詞意題．根據(jù)This was his first retailing （零售業(yè)） experience and he really enjoyed…可知，這是他第一個零售經(jīng)驗，而且很喜歡它，所以此處it指His first retailing experience．
62．By specializing in name brands at low prices．
細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)Wal-Mart specialized in name brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success．可知，沃爾瑪以低價格來吸引，取得了很大的成績．
63．To improve Wal-Mart employees'income dependent on the profits of the store．
細(xì)節(jié)題．根據(jù)The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profits of the store．可知，該計劃主要是為員工謀福利，依靠商場的利潤提高他們的收入．
64．Because they would care about the company．
細(xì)節(jié)題．根據(jù)He also believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company's success，they would care about the company．通過讓員工持股，他們會更關(guān)心公司．
65．Yes，I am．Because it can make the employees happy and promotes sales．
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