Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment, a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr Martin Brown, chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.
First, the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(嚴(yán)重劃破,撕裂傷). Dr Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that’s been damaged - a tendon, a nerve, a blood vessel,” says Martin, “it may, in fact, need professional attention.”
Some injuries - like a fingertip that gets cut off - might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(銼平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often, filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.
How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous (靜脈) bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial(動(dòng)脈) bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.
Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage.
【小題1】What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph?
A.Hospital emergency rooms always treat injured fingers. |
B.A bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention |
C.Dr Martin Brown is in charge of Inova Alexandria Hospital. |
D.It is important for us to be able to tell how serious a finger cut is. |
A.a(chǎn) finger cut without treatment can lead to permanent damage |
B.the length of a cut on a finger is more important than the depth |
C.a(chǎn) long but not very deep cut often doesn’t need professional attention |
D.a(chǎn) short but deep laceration that has been damaged need professional attention. |
A.repair | B.rebuild | C.reconstruct | D.reconnect |
A.Hospital Emergency Treatments For Injured Fingers |
B.When a Cut Finger Is More Serious Than It Might Seem |
C.Serious Finger Cut That Requires Medical Attention |
D.Keep Finger Cuts Clean to Prevent Serious Infection |
【小題1】D
【小題2】C
【小題3】D
【小題4】C
【小題5】B
解析試題解析:文章敘述的是手指的畫上和撕裂傷不能小視,介紹了應(yīng)該怎樣正確判斷傷情已經(jīng)應(yīng)該怎樣采取治療措施。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容:醫(yī)院急診室一直在治療受傷的手指。如果不治療,嚴(yán)重的受傷可以導(dǎo)致永久性的損傷。但如何知道流血嚴(yán)重到需要就醫(yī)呢?得出D正確。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句話He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep.得出C正確。
【小題3】詞義猜測(cè)題。A. repair 重修 B. rebuild重建 C. reconstruct 重建 D. reconnect重聯(lián)
根據(jù)劃線詞后句More often, filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.更多的時(shí)候,鋸下來骨頭是因?yàn)橹讣庵匦陆庸峭遣怀晒Φ模訢正確。
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is.得出A,第四句The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound,得出B,根據(jù)最后一句But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force, this may be a sign of arterial(動(dòng)脈) bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.得出D,所以C不符合事實(shí)。
【小題5】主旨大意題。通過全文敘述強(qiáng)調(diào)手指割傷的嚴(yán)重程度不能小視,介紹怎樣判斷受傷的的嚴(yán)重程度,得出B正確。
考點(diǎn):考查社會(huì)生活類短文閱讀。
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Gray hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going gray is not associated with earlier death, and premature graying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adults. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with gray or white hair, but for most of us, going gray is just a fact of life.
Hair color comes from the pigment melanin(黑色素), which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyone's lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing color. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cell death occurs.
A study of more than 4,000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some gray hair. In general, people of European descent gray earliest followed by Asians and Africans. It's interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no gray hair by retirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having gray hair go up 10-20% per decade.
It may feel like you have more grays after a stressful event, but that's probably because middle age is basically a series of anxiety-ridden events. Between working, raising kids, and caring for older parents, the "sandwich" years of 45-65 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also when we naturally start to look older.
At this point, there is still no silver bullet to keep away the grays.
【小題1】What would be the best title for this passage?
A.Going gray. | B.Tips to make hair color last |
C.Why does hair turn gray? | D.Gray hair is in fashion. |
A.Scientists have found out how to prevent hair from turning gray. |
B.Europeans are more likely to gray than Asians and Africans. |
C.Gray hair means poor health or a sign of illness. |
D.Everyone will inevitably get gray hair by retirement age. |
A.Being physically weak. | B.Stress from different sides. |
C.Death of melanocyte cell. | D.Genetic factors. |
A.Make-up | B.Scientific research. | C.Chemical weapon. | D.Cure. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
The way we get about has a deep influence on the way we live-affecting where we set up home, work and holiday. So what changes might come in the way we get around? What big ideas are out there, and do they have any chance of coming true?
Personal Air Travel
The idea: flying cars
Developments in light small plane technology will make it possible for everyone to own what are, in fact, flying cars. They will have closed cabins, heating, stereos and room for two people.
You will take off from a field near your home and fly to towns and cities. After landing, you will take off the fixed wing and continue your journey by road just as if you were traveling by car.
Fuel efficient engines and the advantage of being able to travel in the sky will keep costs and the environmental influence down.
Flying for Fun
The idea: Jet Packs
The idea was a hit when a stuntman (特技演員) flew around on one during the opening ceremony of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, which was very successful.
You’ll be able to use the equipment-roughly the size of two scuba tanks fastened to your back-for short journeys.
They will be handy for cleaning hard-to-reach windows, arriving in style at a party and shopping.
Taxis
The idea: driverless taxis
These computer-controlled taxis will take you wherever you want along a fixed route, whenever you want to go.
For the price of one person’s bus fare, several people can ride at speeds of up to 25 mph, and there will be fences to guard against accidents.
There will be little, if any, wait for the use of the taxis, which will leave from stations and will be used by prepaid cards.
The taxis, which will travel on a 1.5 m-wide track, will use 75% less energy per passenger than a car and 50% less than a bus.
【小題1】The passage is mainly about ________.
A.future travel | B.big ideas and dreams |
C.a(chǎn)dvanced technology | D.the influence of travel |
A.will operate only in the sky |
B.will be more expensive than common cars |
C.will have fewer bad effects on the environment |
D.won’t be equipped with things similar to what cars have |
A.a(chǎn)ttend a party | B.clean high windows |
C.go shopping | D.have a long journey |
A.We can go wherever we want in them |
B.They will be both cost-effective and safe |
C.It costs more to take them than to take ordinary cars |
D.They will be operated by computers as well as by people |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
C
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
【小題1】What is the function of the first paragraph?
A.Leading the following paragraphs. |
B.Showing the main idea of the passage. |
C.Introducing the background of the passage. |
D.Giving a summary of the passage. |
A.is weaker than | B.is stronger than | C.is better than | D.is worse than |
A.Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving. |
B.When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical. |
C.A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical. |
D.Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other. |
A.Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places. |
B.Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants. |
C.Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior,and then did some tests to prove his theory. |
D.Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins (靜脈) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity (重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy (眩暈的)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物)have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy; it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
【小題1】What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A.Blue | B.Light yellow |
C.Red | D.Dark reddish purple |
A.Because their spine is in active use. |
B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity. |
C.Because they keep growing backwards. |
D.Because their spine becomes more bent. |
A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart |
B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy. |
C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. |
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything. In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine(渦輪機(jī)), which supplies 5% of the store’s electricity. It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant.
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1, 500 trees,” says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott.“If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference.”
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions(排放)over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Mart’s fleet of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Wal-Mart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it’s working with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart’s controversial labor and health-insurance practices. But it’s not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy. We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield (保護(hù))Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we’re doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything,” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the action they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit.
【小題1】We can infer from the passage that ______.
A.Lee Scott is Wal-Mart’s CEO |
B.there are 5, 200 stores in the world |
C.Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market |
D.Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world |
A.Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity. |
B.Wal-Mart’s green activity is just window dressing. |
C.Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices. |
D.Wal-Mart doesn’t have any social responsibility at all. |
A.Reduce air pollution in its present stores. |
B.Give favorable treatment to its consumers. |
C.Ask the factories to reduce their packaging. |
D.Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before. |
A.Provide the background of the green plan. |
B.Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart’s green plan. |
C.Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays. |
D.Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
The Healthy Habits Survey (調(diào)查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.
Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海綿) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
【小題1】What is found out about American seniors?
A.Most of them have good habits. |
B.Nearly 30%of them bathe three days a week. |
C.All of them are fighting germs better than expected. |
D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day |
A.twice a day | B.three times a day |
C.four times a day | D.eight times a day |
A.We should keep from touching our faces. |
B.There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth. |
C.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
A.a(chǎn) guide book | B.a(chǎn) popular magazine |
C.a(chǎn) book review | D.a(chǎn)n official document |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
Conservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the world's most important species of coral, in a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to "functional extinction" within decades.
Led by scientists at the Zoological Society of London, the Edge Coral Reefs project has identified 10 coral species in most urgent risk of becoming extinct.The scientists say that reefs are under pressure from a variety of threats including rising sea temperatures due to climatic instability, increased acidity(酸性), overfishing and pollution.
The Edge plan, which focuses on the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species , will take a regional approach to conservation.This means focusing on the "coral triangle" around the Philippines, the West Indian Ocean around the Mozambique channel, and in the Caribbean channel.
"Coral reefs are threatened with functional extinction in the next 20-50 years, due predominantly to global climatic instability," said Catherine Head, coordinator of the reefs project."In these regions, we'll be supporting and training in-country conservationists to carry out research and implement targeted conservation actions," she said."Their projects will last initially for two years.We provide them with a whole host of tools to carry out their projects including funding and intensive training." She added.
Coral reefs are the planet's most diverse marine ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)), known as the rainforests of the oceans.Despite taking up under 0.2% of the ocean floor, they provide food and shelter for almost a third of all sea life.If we lose the ecosystems, we lose not only the biodiversity (生物多樣性), but we also lose the capability of people to obtain income and food from coral reefs.
Climatic instability, which leads to rising sea temperatures, causes corals to bleach.Bleaching occurs when sea temperatures rise and this causes the coral tissue to expel their symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae - these are what give the coral their colour.Bleached corals often die if the stress continues.Among the 10 species chosen to start the Edge project are the pearl bubble coral, a food source for the hawksbill(玳瑁)turtle, and the Mushroom coral, which supports at least 15 brightly colored fish.
【小題1】What does the first paragraph mean in the passage ?
A.Conservationists planned to preserve and protect some extinct corals years ago. |
B.Conservationists have banned plans to protect endangered corals for years. |
C.Conservationists are going to protect corals that are dying out in several ten years. |
D.Conservationists have made plans to protect corals from being extinct in ten years. |
A.Decrease. | B.Losing functions |
C.Disappearance. | D.Existence |
A.The Edge Coral Reefs project was carried out by American scientists. |
B.The plan concentrates on the channels to protect the endangered species. |
C.The Conservationists have carried out the Edge plan for many years to protect the corals. |
D.Ten coral species chosen by the project are at the greatest risk of becoming extinct. |
A.We will keep the balance of the marine ecosystems. |
B.About one third of the marine species can't survive. |
C.Man can benefit more from corals. |
D.We will lose the rainforests on our earth. |
A.Climatic Instability and Coral Extinction |
B.Reasons for Coral Functional Extinction. |
C.A Plan to Save Coral from Extinction |
D.A Research about Endangered Coral Reefs. |
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科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解
As most university students are packing their bags,boarding trains or flying home for the Spring Festival,some will stay behind to spend the holiday on campus.
Zhou Yunyun,22,a senior finance major at Jilin University,has decided that instead of traveling to Hainan province,he will kill the time by playing computer games with his online friends.
“I'm used to chatting and playing with them every day.It’s just fun to make friends this way,”he said.“When I returned home in past years,my relatives always asked me a lot of questions about my plans after graduation.They had high expectations of me,which made me feel stressed,” said Zhou.
The campus,usually lively,will probably turn into a death town,with most restaurants,shops and student centers closed during the break.But there are also a few advantages,according to Jia Debao,2 1,a junior majoring in administration at China Agricultural University.“I might feel a bit lonely,but at least I can stay away from my parents’ complaining and enjoy the peaceful and quiet stay,” he said.“More importantly,I can enjoy the high speed of the Internet,I can always find empty seats in classrooms,and I don’t have to wait to use the bathroorm” But education experts recommend students who stay on campus to come up with more interactive plans.That’s because communication on the Internet can’t replace real life interpersonal relationships.
Society has promoted a kind of“couch potato" or close-in culture among some young people, according to Shi Tongyu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He warned that this kind of lifestyle can damage students’ mental and physical development.
“When you constantly stare at a computer screen and type on your keyboard,you gradually lose the ability to socialize and survive normally,"said Shi.“A human’s most important task is to survive,which cannot be completed by staying at home all the time. Instead,it must be achieved through real life experience and communication.”
【小題1】What can we learn about Zhou Yunyun?
A.He feels very lonely on campus. |
B.He will promote close-in culture. |
C.He will spend the Spring Festival with relatives. |
D.He will spend the Spring Festival with on-line friends. |
A.he will miss his parents a little bit |
B.there will be more seats in classrooms |
C.he will have a quiet and peaceful break |
D.the speed of the Internet will get faster |
A.inactive person | B.close friend |
C.sociable student | D.a(chǎn)ddicted gamer |
A.To do some traveling. |
B.To stay more with families. |
C.To find empty seats in classrooms. |
D.To experience real lire and communication. |
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