Question

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes he’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, he’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, he’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, he enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

1. What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.

2.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

4. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

 

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.A

【解析】

試題分析:文章主要介紹了兩種思維模式的人，分別為固定思維模式和成長型思維模式。

1.1】D。細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”可知他們被稱為“過度夸獎的一代”。故選D。

2.2】A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The fixed mind-set believes he’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.固定思維模式的人認(rèn)為他不需要太多的努力就一定會成功，并認(rèn)為失敗是個人的恥辱�？芍�固定思維模式的人不愿意努力。故選A。

3.3】D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段When faced with a difficulty, he’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, he enjoys this experience.成長型思維模式的人面對困難的時候，他會很快反思，改變并再次嘗試。實際上，他是享受這種經(jīng)歷的�？芍�成長型思維模式的人認(rèn)為克服困難過程是享受的。故選D。

4.4】A。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，德威克實驗證明成長型思維模式比固定思維模式要好，而固定思維模式的人是由于經(jīng)常被夸獎造成的。所以推測父母為培養(yǎng)孩子們成長型思維模式，應(yīng)該要多鼓勵孩子們面對失敗并從中學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。

考點：考查說明類短文閱讀。