Question

閱讀理解 　　From the coldest arctic ice to the hottest deserts you will find mammals living and thriving(興旺)．There seems to be no climate that they can't adapt to, however changeable it may be．Why can mammals adapt to so many different habitats? There is a good reason for this－mammals have the ability to keep their body at a constant temperature whatever the weather．They are “warm-blooded”． 　　Mammals achieve this by chemically “burning” their food as fuel inside their bodies．This is kept under tight control by a region of the brain that acts like a thermostat(恒溫器), and this makes sure that the mammal's body temperature stays about the same． 　　A constant body temperature is a great advantage for mammals because all the chemical processes that go on inside a living body are likely to happen more slowly at low temperatures and faster at higher temperatures．Mammals can regulate their temperature at the best condition for all these processes, allowing them to be active at very cold or very hot periods and to keep up tiring activity for a long time．Animals such as lizards(蜥蜴)rely on moving in and out of the warm sunlight to regulate their body temperature．They slow down when they can't warm up and may die if they can't get away from heat．They also tend to overheat quickly when they are active as their muscles produce warmth． 　　Using food energy to keep body temperature constant is expensive, and since mammals need to be efficient at keeping the warmth they create inside themselves, they often have fur and a cover of fat under their skin to prevent heat from escaping．To help lose heat when they are too hot, they have sweat glands(汗腺)that take the heat away from the skin through evaporating(蒸發(fā))water．This means, though, that they need to drink more than other animals． (1) Mammals can adapt to so many habitats because ________． [　　] A． the climate is unchangeable B． they can regulate their body temperature C． they are “warm-blooded” D． their muscles produce warmth (2) When mammals keep their body at a constant temperature, ________． [　　] A． the chemical processes happen more slowly in their bodies B． the chemical processes happen faster in their bodies C． they will use less fuel inside their bodies D． they can live an active life (3) We can infer from the last paragraph that mammals ________． [　　] A． need to drink more than other animals B． have different ways of keeping their body temperature C． often have fur and fat to prevent heat from escaping D． have sweat glands that take the heat away from the skin (4) The writer answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________． [　　] A． stories and explanation B． examples and conclusion C． evidence and argument D． explanation and comparison

Answer 1

答案：1．C;2．D;3．B;4．D;
解析：

(1)	細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段“…mammals have the ability to keep their body at a constant temperature…They are ‘warm-blooded’”可知真正的原因是它們是溫血動物，而不是因為氣候是不變的；它們能有系統(tǒng)地管理自己的體溫或它們的肌肉能產(chǎn)生熱能。
(2)	細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段“…allowing them to be active at very cold or very hot periods”可知保持恒溫能讓動物過一種積極的生活。而不是“化學過程在體內(nèi)運行得慢”,或“化學過程在體內(nèi)運行得快”或“在體內(nèi)使用較少的熱量”。
(3)	推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知動物使身體保持恒溫狀態(tài)有許多種方法，如使用食物能量、利用皮毛脂肪、汗腺等。應選擇B項。A項“需要比其他的動物多喝水”，C項“經(jīng)常使用皮毛和脂肪防止熱量消失”只是一部分動物，D項“使用汗腺讓熱量從皮膚揮發(fā)”也只是一部分動物。
(4)	[解析]歸納判斷題。作者在第一段中提出問題，然后緊接著解釋，最后通過比較法說明不同的動物有不同的方法來保持恒溫，因此可判斷本文是采用“解釋和比較法”來組織材料的。不是“故事和解釋法”，“句子和結論法”或“證據(jù)和結論法”。本題稍難。 　　[文章大意]無論是嚴寒的冬季還是酷熱的夏天哺乳動物都能很好適應天氣的變化，這是因為它們能像人一樣能很好地調節(jié)體溫，使身體始終處于恒溫狀態(tài)，本文就此做了簡單說明并介紹了動物的各種“保溫”辦法。