Often a nickname is a shortened form of a person's name, and it can also be a descriptive name for a place or a thing. Many American cities have nicknames. These can help build up an identity, spread pride among citizens and build their unity. Nicknames can also be funny.

Los Angeles, California is the second largest city in population, after New York City. Los Angeles has several nicknames. One is simply the city's initials, L.A. It is also called the City of Angels because Los Angeles means "the angels" in Spanish.

Los Angeles often has warm, sunny weather. So another nickname is City of Flowers and Sunshine. New York is called The Big Apple. So Los Angeles is sometimes called The Big Orange because of the fruit that grows in that city's warm climate.

The American movie and television industries are based in Los Angeles. So it is not surprising that it is called The Entertainment Capital of the World. Many films are made in the area of Los Angeles called Hollywood. Millions of people visit the area. No trip to Los Angeles is perfect without seeing the word "Hollywood" spelled out in huge letters on a hillside.

Many movie stars live in Los Angeles. The city is sometimes called Tinseltown. This nickname comes from the shiny, bright and often unreal nature of Hollywood and the movie industry.

Another nickname for Los Angeles is La-La Land, using the first letters of Los and Angeles. This means a place that is fun and not serious, and maybe even out of touch with reality.

A good place for watching unusual-looking people is Venice, an area on the west side of Los Angeles. A system of waterways designed after the Italian city of Venice has been built there. Many people love Los Angeles for its warm sunny weather, beautiful mountains and beaches, and movie stars. That includes Randy Newman, who sings about his hometown.

On the whole, Los Angeles is growing attractive just for its rich nicknames.

1.Choose the one that isn’t the function of a nickname of a place.

A. Uniting surrounding cities.

B. Entertainment.

C. Bringing pride to the locals.

D. Establishing characteristics.

2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined sentence?

A. Seeing the big letters "Hollywood" on a hillside means you've been really to Los Angeles.

B. Not seeing the word "Hollywood" on a hillside means you haven't been to Los Angeles.

C. If you visit Los Angeles you should first pay a visit to "Hollywood" s on a hillside.

D. Your trip to Los Angeles is not complete if you miss the big letters "Hollywood" on a hillside.

3.What’s the number of the nicknames given to Los Angeles?

A. 5.B. 4.C. 7.D. 6.

4.According to the passage, the true statement is “________”.

A. Los Angeles was built after the Italian city of Venice

B. Hollywood alone adds fame to Los Angeles

C. Los Angeles is most famous for its nicknames

D. All the nicknames increase the charm of Los Angeles

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