Question

Radioactive(放射性的) pollution can be said to be the emission(排放) of radioactive substance into air, water or land due to human activities in the form of radioactive waste. Radioactive waste is usually the product of nuclear fission(核裂變), which is widely used in nuclear power stations and nuclear weapons.

The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time. That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings. This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.

Radioactive pollution that is spread through the earth’s atmosphere is called ‘fallout’. Nuclear pollution began to attract people’s attention during the World War II period when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union started conducing nuclear tests. The best example of fallout is the nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 by the United States of America during World War II. As a result of the bomb attack, nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.

In land and water, the major source of radioactive pollution remains with the nuclear fuel cycle(核燃料循環(huán)). The nuclear fuel cycle is used in nuclear power stations and extraction(提煉) of materials from nuclear substance, where the pollutants are left behind after the useful material has been extracted.

The effects of radioactive pollution were first reported in the early 20^th century when people working in uranium mines(鈾礦井) suffered from skin burn and cancer. The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time, living beings may suffer from the damage to the DNA cells, which results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death.

In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.

Title	Radioactive Pollution and Its Effects
1.    of radioactive pollution	* It is the emission of radioactive substance. * Its waste is the product of nuclear fission.
The decrease of the radioactivity	* It decreases as time 2.        by. * The waste needs to be 3.        from living beings until it no longer does 4.        to living beings. * The time period of the decrease5.        on the radioactive nature of the waste.
The 6.    of radioactive pollution	* In 1945, the nuclear bomb attack caused 225,000 7.       . * In the early 20th, the miners suffered from skin burn and cancer and the effects are 8.       . * A long 9.      to radioactive radiations can damage the DNA cells.
Conclusion	* We should10.     its disadvantages and make full use of its advantages.

 

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.Definition/Concept 　　

2. goes 　

3.separated 

4.harm

5. depends 

6. effects    

7.deaths   

8.various   

9.exposure 

10.avoid

【解析】

試題分析：

1.Definition/Concept 　總結(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知這是放射性污染的定義和概念，故使用Definition/Concept

2.goes 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第二段第一句The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time.可知隨著時間，放射性減低。表格里使用了句中的形式，as后面要接完整的句子。

3. separated 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文章第二段2,3行That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings.

4.harm 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第二段第三句it no longer causes a threat to living beings.

不再給人來帶來傷害。故使用harm。

5.depends 詞形變化。根據(jù)文章第三段This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.可知這里使用了depending on。而表格里使用了動詞做謂語動詞，故使用depends。

6.effects   原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段The effects of radioactive pollution可知是指放射性污染的影響。

7.deaths   詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第4段最后一句nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.可知原文里是動詞，我們這里要使用的是名詞。

8.various 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time中的動詞vary，轉(zhuǎn)換成表格里的形容詞various做表語。

9.exposure 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time指是過去分詞exposed，表格里需要使用的是名詞exposure。

10.avoid 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章最后一段In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.可知我們要避免弱點，強化優(yōu)點。故使用avoid。

考點：考查任務(wù)型閱讀

點評：本文屬于任務(wù)型閱讀，在完成此類題目時，要仔細閱讀短文和表格，根據(jù)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)找出原文中的相應(yīng)的語群，從同義詞，近義詞，反義詞等角度出發(fā)，尋找原詞再現(xiàn)，進行歸納總結(jié)，確定合適的答案。