Question

15．Can you imagine that several hundred years ago，tomatoes were seen as toxic food in Europe？
What made Europeans believe this was John Gerard's publication of Herbal in 1597．Gerard wrote："The leaves and stalks of the tomato plant are toxic．"Undoubtedly，Gerard's opinion was based on a misunderstanding of tomatoes．But his opinion was widely spread in Britain and North America for over two hundred years．
In the late 1700s，a lot of Europeans held more fears for tomatoes．A nick name for the fruit was"poison apple"because it was believed that aristocrats（貴族） got sick and died after eating them．But the actual reason was the pewter plates they used．Since tomatoes are high in acidity，when placed on the plates，the lead（鉛） in the plates would dissolve．This caused many deaths．Unluckily，no one knew this at that time．So the innocent tomatoes were picked as the killer．
Today，more than one and a half billion tons of tomatoes are produced every year around the world．Tomatoes are cooked in various ways．This healthy and tasty food finally wins its innocence（清白） back．
51．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage？A
A．Europeans'fears for tomatoes        
B．History of tomato planting
C．Why do people eat so many tomatoes    
D．How did the tomato prove its value
52．What does the underlined word"toxic"in paragraph 1 mean？C
A．delicious          B．nutritious（營養(yǎng)）     C．poisonous        D．safe
53．What do we know about the book Herbal？B
A．It was written by an American writer
B．It was published about 400 years ago．
C．Tomatoes were described as good food
D．Chinese herbal medicine was included．
54．When did people begin to eat tomatoes according to the text？B
A．About 100 years ago
B．About 200 years ago．
C．About 300 years ago
D．About 400 years ago．
55．What's the key point for the death of the aristocrats mentioned in the passage？D
A．Tomatoes．B．The pewter plate．C．Serious illness．D．Chemical reaction．

Answer 1

分析 番茄是現(xiàn)在非常受歡迎的蔬菜，但是幾百年前，歐洲人對番茄充滿恐懼，認為其是有毒食品，本文就介紹了番茄被歐洲人恐懼的黑暗歷史．

解答 51．A  概述全文．文章開篇明義，番茄在幾百年前的歐洲被認為是有毒食品，接著介紹了認為番茄有毒的學術(shù)觀點和歐洲貴族不當?shù)氖秤梅绞綄е率澄镏卸镜睦�子，從理論和實例兩方面說明歐洲人對番茄的恐懼，故選A．
52．C 詞義解析題．第三段提到，A nick name for the fruit was"poison apple"because it was believed that aristocrats（貴族） got sick and died after eating them．歐洲貴族認為食用番茄導致病毒甚至死亡，故稱其為"毒蘋果"，可知選C．
53．B  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)題意定位文章第一段What made Europeans believe this was John Gerard's publication of Herbal in 1597．Gerard wrote："The leaves and stalks of the tomato plant are toxic．"可判斷此書寫于400多年前．
54 B 推理判斷題．"What made Europeans believe this was John Gerard's publication of Herbal in 1597．Gerard wrote："The leaves and stalks of the tomato plant are toxic．""But his opinion was widely spread in Britain and North America for over two hundred years．"約翰•吉拉德在1597年出版的Herbal》中寫到，番茄的葉和莖是有毒的，這一觀點被歐洲接受，并于200年間在英國和北美廣泛傳播．可以推斷，番茄有毒的觀點在1597年到1797年間都是為人接受的，人們不會食用有毒食品．此后，人們才開始食用番茄，距離現(xiàn)在應為200年，故選B．
55．D 推理判斷題．But the actual reason was the pewter plates they used．Since tomatoes are high in acidity，when placed on the plates，the lead（鉛） in the plates would dissolve（溶解）．This caused many deaths．真正的原因是他們使用的錫盤．因為西紅柿含酸量高，當被放置在錫盤里，錫盤中含有的鉛會溶解，導致死亡．所以，西紅柿和錫盤都不能直接導致死亡，而是兩者放置一起后，發(fā)生化學反應導致死亡．故選D．

點評 做閱讀時經(jīng)常犯錯的主要原因是，僅憑讀過文章后殘留在腦海中的一絲印象來勾選答案，這樣便很容易掉入出題人故意設(shè)布下的題目陷阱．所謂閱讀理解，對于題目的理解一定要忠實于原文，因此，每一道題都應該與原文作全面的對比與核查，再得出答案．也就是說，閱讀理解的每一道題目，在原文都應該有明確的出處，我們把這一出處叫做原文相關(guān)句，（1）排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項（2）排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項  （3）排除用于過于極端或負面的選項（4）注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題去排除．