Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was  1 in Britain in 1881 to restrict 2  from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions  3  “fair trade” laws to construct what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反傾銷)” laws allow a company that  4  a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge special taxes to protect it from “unfair”  5 .
Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the  6  of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their  7 aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their  8  by cutting out the inflated profits of the middlemen on whom they  9  for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products  10  cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not compete with domestic European production, and  11  do not have a protectionist motive(動機).
This is how it works: In  12  for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given 13  by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark  14  supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than  15  price . Third-world farmers get their income increased , 16  first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven.
The fair-trade movement,  17  in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons  18  to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations,  19  1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very  20 share – typically less than 1% – of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc.
小題1:
A．discoveredB．foundedC．encouragedD．promoted
小題2:
A．importsB．exportsC．outputD．trade
小題3:
A．disobeyB．breakC．useD．study
小題4:
A．suspectsB．needsC．wantsD．a(chǎn)dvertises
小題5:
A．a(chǎn)greementB．contractC．gameD．competition
小題6:
A．worriesB．mindsC．commentsD．projects
小題7:
A．educationalB．politicalC．worthyD．immediate
小題8:
A．favourB．benefitC．interestD．produce
小題9:
A．dependB．spendC．lookD．a(chǎn)pply
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)sB．likeC．withD．for
小題11:
A．insteadB．otherwiseC．thereforeD．a(chǎn)nyhow
小題12:
A．fearB．storeC．preparationD．exchange
小題13:
A．secretlyB．publiclyC．officiallyD．successfully
小題14:
A．urgesB．enablesC．ordersD．forces
小題15:
A．normalB．potentialC．lowestD．best
小題16:
A．whenB．whileC．a(chǎn)sD．but
小題17:
A．launchedB．a(chǎn)rrangedC．inventedD．developed
小題18:
A．wantedB．refusedC．hadD．decided
小題19:
A．tellingB．representingC．Choosing D．receiving
小題20:
A．smallB．littleC．goodD．large

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:A
小題5:D
小題6:B
小題7:C
小題8:D
小題9:A
小題10:B
小題11:C
小題12:D
小題13:C
小題14:B
小題15:A
小題16:B
小題17:A
小題18:D
小題19:B
小題20:A

試題分析：文章主要講解了公平貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟成立的歷史及其成立的宗旨，并介紹了這個組織下所提供的產(chǎn)品都會有一種FAIRTRADE的標(biāo)記同時介紹了這些公平貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品的市場情況。
小題1:A. discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)B. founded成立C. encouraged 鼓勵D. promoted促進；前文講到公平貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟The Fair Trade League，所以應(yīng)該是成立于1881年。故選 B
小題2:A. imports 進口B. exports出口C. output輸出D. trade貿(mào)易；后文講到barriers to imports.進口壁壘，所以此處應(yīng)該是用來限制外國的進口的，故選A
小題3:A. disobey 違反B. break打破C. use 使用D. study學(xué)習(xí)，研究；在美國，商業(yè)和勞工組織都使用公平貿(mào)易的法律來構(gòu)建所謂的進口貿(mào)易壁壘。故選C
小題4:A. suspects懷疑   D. advertises廣告；這種就是所謂的反傾銷條例，它允許一個公司懷疑另一個外國公司以低于成本價的方式而買產(chǎn)品。故選A
小題5:A. agreement協(xié)議B. contract合同C. game游戲D. competition競爭；這種反傾銷條例是要求政府對那些公司征收特殊的稅來保護其國內(nèi)公司，免遭不公平的競爭，故選D
小題6:A. worries 擔(dān)心B. minds想法C. comments評論D. projects項目；這種貿(mào)易保護主義的思想是背離了那些英國歷年舉行公平貿(mào)易周的那些組織者的初衷。minds想法，初衷，故選B
小題7:A. educational 教育意義的B. political政治的C. worthy有價值的，相稱的D. immediate立刻的；這些組織者的真正目的是提高支付給發(fā)展中國家農(nóng)民的前。符合題意的只有C.
小題8:A. favour偏愛，贊同B. benefit益處C. interest利益D. produce產(chǎn)品；為發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)民所提供的產(chǎn)品支付更高的價錢。故選D
小題9:這里運用了定語從句，depend on依賴于，on提前，句意：發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)民們依靠中間商將他們的產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷海外。故選A
小題10:like像…，像可可粉、咖啡、茶和香蕉等公平貿(mào)易的產(chǎn)品就不會與歐洲國內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品進行競爭，故選B
小題11:A. instead代替B. otherwise否則C. therefore因此D. anyhow無論怎樣；前文講到不會和國內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品競爭因此不會有貿(mào)易保護主義的動機。故選C
小題12:貧困國家農(nóng)場合作社將支付了保證金和滿足勞動和環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品作為交換，來為他們的產(chǎn)品提供fairtrade的標(biāo)記，故選D
小題13:A. secretly秘密地B. publicly 公共地C. officially官方地D. successfully成功地 ；這個標(biāo)志是一個名叫FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization的官方組織所給的，故選C
小題14:這個標(biāo)志允許超市和別的商店以一個更高的價錢出售這些產(chǎn)品，故選B
小題15:A. normal 通常的B. potential潛在的C. lowest最低的D. best最好的，前文講到在超市或是別的商店賣的東西要比平常的貴，所以選A
小題16:while表示兩個動作同時進行，第三世界的農(nóng)民的收入會增加，同時第一世界的消費者們也會逐漸的感到是件好事，故選B
小題17:A. launched啟動B. arranged安排C. invented發(fā)明D. developed開發(fā)；這個公平貿(mào)易運動是開始于20世界80年代，故選A
小題18:A. wanted想要B. refused 拒絕C. had有D. decided決定；句意：英國的下議院決定只提供這種公平貿(mào)易的咖啡，故選D
小題19:A. telling告訴B. representing代表C. Choosing選擇D. receiving接收；到2007年為止，超過600個組織，代表著58個國家的140萬農(nóng)民正在出售這種公平貿(mào)易的產(chǎn)品。故選B
小題20:前文作者語意進行轉(zhuǎn)折，所以雖然英國四分之一的香蕉都是這種標(biāo)示的，但跟全球的可可粉，茶，咖啡來比，仍然是一個很小的份額，故選A
點評：本文較難，一般經(jīng)濟，科技類的文體都是學(xué)生比較難解答的題。說明文是歷年高考很常見的文體，對于科技類的說明文比較難，而對于說物的文體較容易。本文中，把握好一個中心即介紹了公平貿(mào)易的宗旨和歷史。同時，解答此類文章首先花時間進行整體的閱讀，不要逐一作答，在理解文意后再結(jié)合語法進行句子成分分析，將長句難句進行劃分，最終理解句意。
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A．a(chǎn)ffectionB．influenceC．occasionD．position
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)greedB．foughtC．dealtD．did
小題3:
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A．dangerB．sufferingC．relievingD．happiness
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小題11:
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小題15:
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Who Owns the Moon?
Within the next ten years, the U. S., China, Israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. So if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property rights?
A NASA working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: Who owns the moon? The answer, of course, is no use. The Outer Space Treaty, the international signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies (天體) are the province of all mankind. No doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the Middle Ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs.
But ownership is different from property rights. People who rent apartments, for example, don’t own where they live, but they still hold rights. So with all of the upcoming missions (派遣團) to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush.
“ This is a very relevant discussion right now. We’ve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world,” said William Marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at NASA, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by NASA’s Co Lab, a collaborative(協(xié)力完成的) public-private working group. He was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency.
To be sure, the United States aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. China and Israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. And for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize. Some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission.
小題1:In the passage the writer seems to be worrying that ________.
A．the US will live on the moon forever
B．the moon will not be able to hold all mankind
C．the potential land rush will become more and more frequent
D．no one can answer the question “ Who owns the moon?”
小題2:“ The Google Lunar X Prize” aims to ________.
A．encourage private groups to land on the moon
B．help NASA host a discussion about land rush on the moon
C．help some developing countries to complete their lunar projects
D．reward some countries or private groups which haven’t stepped on the moon
小題3:The underlined word “ that” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A．the Outer Space Treaty
B．if and when they plant a flag
C．the NASA working group
D．monks from the Middle Ages
小題4:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The U. S. astronauts will live on the moon for longer time.
B．Many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon.
C．Why some private groups wish to land on the moon.
D．It is easy to gain some property rights on the moon.
小題5:We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．it’s a waste of time to work on the lunar project
B．“ The Outer Space Treaty” forbids private groups to land on the moon
C．a(chǎn)ll mankind has the right to land on the moon
D．whenever you come to the moon, you’ll get some property rights on it

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Many adults in the United States can remember crying the nursery rhyme in the street "Hot cross buns!" But only a few people realize this was an early form of advertising.
Written advertisements probably began with hieroglyphics more than three thousand years ago, but only a few people could read these symbols. So merchants made signs with pictures or hung their tools over their doors to identify their businesses.
In the time of the Roman Empire, wall paintings were a popular form of advertisement. An ad for a play, or some other performance was painted on part of a building or on a wall around a city. People often advertised a house for rent or a freshwater bath in this way, too.
Today, large wall signs are still used for outdoor advertising. But outdoor advertising is only a small fraction of the total advertising. About forty per -cent of all ads are printed in daily newspapers. Radio commercials also provide this kind of information. Some people think they are the best form of advertising because radio broadcasts reach almost everyone in a nation.
Advertisements in magazines and on television reach many people, too. However, usually only large companies can advertise on a national network, because TV commercials shown across the country can cost many thousands of dollars.
Then there are ads that are almost part of daily living. If you use public transportation, you will see large printed ads, called ear cards, on buses and taxis and in trains. Ads are painted on the trucks that deliver products people are buying or selling.
小題1:Which is the passage mainly discussing?
A．Modern advertisingB．Significance of advertising
C．Development of advertisingD．Origin of advertising
小題2:Which of the following is the original form of advertising?
A．Signs with picturesB．Wall signs
C．Street cryingD．Wall painting
小題3:Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hieroglyphics” in Paragraph 2?
A．A signalB．A signatureC．A symbolD．A form
小題4:Why did the merchants make signs with pictures or hang their tools over their doors ?
A．To have their houses decorated.
B．To make their business known by public.
C．To enable people to learn how to read
D．To advertise their houses to rent
小題5:Radio commercials are the best form of advertising because ____________.
A．they can be heard everywhere in a country
B．they are cheap and fast
C．they are most recently developed
D．they can be understood by those who can neither read nor write

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