16.Mathilda,15,is Turkana,a native people that has survived by raising cattle in a semiarid (半干旱) region.Mathilda's school,like most schools in the area,doesn't have access to clean water and sanitation facilities for its students.So instead of spending their whole school day learning,Mathilda and her classmates start their day by spending two hours to the closest river fetching water---water that is anyway most likely not safe to drink.They do the same thing again in the afternoon,so they often lose around half of their school day fetching water.
Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home,leaving her little time for studying.Because of rising temperatures,water has become harder and harder to find here,and people have to spend more and more time trying to find it.
This is just one small example of how climate change is making it harder to realize people's rights to water,education and security.Unfortunately,most higher-income countries remained silent on the issue.
This is despite studies showing that communities already facing marginalization(邊緣化),such as women and children,mostly suffer from climate change.This is especially the case for those in countries with limited resources and fragile ecosystems.
Meanwhile,women consist of the majority of the world's poor,and so are more dependent for their livelihood on natural resources that are threatened by climate change.And around the world,women and girls are the most likely to be responsible for fetching water for their families.
This exposes them to danger and leaves them with less time to attend school,earn money,or simply to rest.But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally.
Despite the difficulties she is facing,trying to get an education,Mathilda says she hopes to serve her community in a leadership role when she grows up.
"All of the world's leaders need to work together to solve this problem that we are all facing,"she said.
28.Mathilda has to spendCfetching water every school day.
A.two hours
B.four hours
C.more than four hours
D.almost a whole day
29.The first two paragraphs are intended to tell usB.
A.the cause and effect of lack of water
B.one serious consequence of climate change
C.the difficulties in fetching water in the semiarid region
D.the hardship of life for the people in the semiarid region
30.We can conclude from the passage thatA.
A.climate change is everyone's business
B.water is becoming rare because of rising temperatures
C.fetching water takes up Mathilda's half of studying time
D.females are more responsible for fetching water for their families
31.The passage is mainly about the problem caused byC.
A.rising temperatures
B.fetching water
C.climate change
D.water shortage.
分析 文章主要講的是氣候變化給人們的生活帶來的影響.
解答 28-31 CBAC
28.C 細節(jié)題.由第一段倒數(shù)一二句"Mathilda and her classmates start their day by spending two hours to the closest river fetching water","They do the same thing again in the afternoon"及第二段第一句"Mathilda has to do the same thing outside of school hours to get the water her family needs at home"可知 Mathilda 在學校里每天上午和下午取水時間為4個小時,而放學后還要為家里取水,故取總的水時間大于四個小時.A項,"兩個小時",B項,"多于四個小時",D項,"幾乎一整天",均錯誤.故正確答案為C.
29.B 推斷題.由第三段第一句"This is just one small example of how climate change is making it harder to realize people's rights to water,education and security."可知前兩段都是在講氣候變化導致的后果,故B項正確.A項,"缺水的原因及影響",C項,"在半干旱地區(qū)取水的困難",D項,"半干旱地區(qū)人們的生活困難",均為氣候變化所導致的后果,太過片面,不能和后文緊密聯(lián)系起來,是文章表面信息,而不是深層含義,故錯誤.故正確答案為B.
30.A 推斷題.由第六段最后一句"But the fact is that the effects of climate change will be felt globally."可知氣候變化的影響是全球性的,故A項正確.B項"水變得稀有是因為溫度上升",C項"取水占據了 Mathilda 一半的學習時間",D項"女性更有義務為她們的家庭取水",均為文章已提出的現(xiàn)象,故錯誤.故正確答案為A.
31.C 主旨題.文章主要講的是氣候變化給人們的生活帶來的影響,故C項正確.A項,"上升的氣溫";B項,"取水";D項,"水資源缺乏";均為氣候變化而導致的問題,不能全面地說明文章的主要問題,故錯誤.故正確答案為C.
點評 閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力,要求考生根據文章所述事件的邏輯關系,對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷;或根據作者所闡述的觀點理論,對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋.考生首先要仔細閱讀短文,完整了解信息,準確把握作者觀點.