The Bystander Effect | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Concept of the bystander effect | The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming (71)involved/engaged in an emergency situation. It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence(72)socialbehavior. |
Typical example | In 1964,a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was (73)endangered/threatened outside her apartment,while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police. |
(74)Explanations/Reasons for the bystander effect | Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of (75)responsibility in front of a large group of people. Before deciding to offer help,observers may want to make(76)sure/certain that it is appropriate to react.Besides,there is a natural (77)tendency for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear. |
(78)Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance of the bystander effect | You should realize or know the (79)existenceof the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it. When in need of help,you should (80)choose/select/pick one from the crowd,which Will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped. |
分析 本文主要介紹了一場事故中,如果圍觀者很多,可能沒有人會出來幫忙,這就是旁觀者效應.文章探討了這個效應并且提供了避免它發(fā)生的辦法.
解答 71.involved/engaged 信息轉換題.根據第一段When an emergency situation occurs,observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.可知當有很多人在場的時候,個人就不會被牽連到一個事故中去,這樣就會產生旁觀者效應.故填involved/engaged.
72.social 信息提取題.根據第四段The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society,可知旁觀者效應對人們的社會行為有影響.故填social.
73.endangered/threatened 信息提取題.根據第二段As she approached her apartment entrance,she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.可知這個女孩被威脅與攻擊,和處于危險之中.故填endangered/threatened.
74.Explanations/Reasons信息轉換題.根據第五段There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect.可知后面的格子內都是旁觀者效應產生的原因.故填Explanations/Reasons.
75.responsibility 信息提取題.根據第五段the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility.可知當有很多人的時候,人們就不會感到有責任感了.故填responsibility.
76.sure/certain 信息轉換題.根據第六段When other observers fail to react,individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.可知在開始行動之前,旁觀者會確定這是一個良好的時機.故填sure/certain.
77.tendency 信息提取題.根據第七段When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting,it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed.以及第八段Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle可知當有很多人的時候人們有一種隨大流的趨勢.故填tendency.
78.Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance 信息轉換題.根據第八段So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction?可知是要阻止這種效應的發(fā)生.故填Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance.
79.existence 信息轉換題.根據第八段understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help.可知你要知道這個效應的存在并且擺脫它.故填existence.
80.choose/select/pick 信息提取題.根據最后一段One often-recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd.可知當你需要幫助的時候,應該從人群中挑選一個最有可能接受你的請求的人.故填choose/select/pick.
點評 本文考察學生的綜合概括能力. 在理解文章整體的情況下,準確篩選出相關信息,找出其中的關鍵詞,進行填空.
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